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Open problems across fields

  • Reliable request execution in streaming video generation1 paper raises it · 0 address it

    Models often fail to follow incremental user requests while maintaining state consistency in real-time video generation.

    • StreamEval: Evaluating Interactive Streaming Video Generation Modelsraises
  • Brain-body mismatch in recursive self-improving agents1 paper raises it · 1 addresses it

    Evolving execution scaffolds (harnesses) can outpace or restrict the capabilities of the underlying model, leading to misalignment.

    • CoEvo-RSI: When Harnesses Evolve, Which Models Should Follow?raises · addresses
  • End-to-end deep search in real-world web environments1 paper raises it · 1 addresses it

    Agents struggle to autonomously explore, integrate, and verify evidence from diverse, interactive, and heterogeneous web sources.

    • Deep Search in Real-World Web Environmentsraises · addresses
  • Length generalization in state tracking1 paper raises it · 1 addresses it

    Models trained on short sequences often fail to generalize to much longer sequences without explicit progress alignment.

    • PAR: Progress-Aligned Recurrence for Length Generalization in State Trackingraises · addresses
  • Evidence-grounded evaluation for audio-visual reasoning1 paper raises it · 1 addresses it

    Existing benchmarks often allow models to exploit textual or unimodal shortcuts, failing to test true multi-modal reasoning.

    • EvaOmni: An Evidence-Grounded Benchmark for Audio-Visual Reasoningraises · addresses

Named by an AI from these papers' abstracts.

Fields · this week
All fields2576Multimodal446Agents434Frontier LLMs388Inference & serving223Image segmentation153Graph learning1413D scene130Learning verifiable rewards117Voice AI71Classifier & causal discovery69Forecasting time66Flow matching57Teacher policy distillation47Adversarial training43Machine learned interatomic39All 23 fields

Papers

  • arXiv cs.ROComputer visionOct 14

    Line-Augmented cuVSLAM: Robust Visual Odometry in Low-Texture Environments

    Dara Molloy, Terry Wu, Wonju Lee, Abhilash Nand Kumar, David Adley +2

    Autonomous mobile robots in warehouses and production facilities operate in precisely the environments that defeat point-feature visual odometry: featureless aisles, uniform walls, repetitive racking and specular floors. Such environments are, however, rich in straight-edge structure: rack uprights, door frames, wall junctions and cabinet outlines present high-contrast linear edges stable across wide viewpoint changes. A line-feature extension to cuVSLAM, a CUDA-accelerated visual-SLAM system, is presented that recovers this signal. Lines are parameterised as Plücker coordinates for geometric transport and as the minimal 4-DOF orthonormal representation of Bartoli and Sturm for optimisation; a Cauchy-robust point-to-line residual with analytic Jacobians is folded directly into cuVSLAM's per-frame Gauss-Newton pose solve, and the same line state is jointly refined in the Schur-complement sliding-window bundle adjustment. An adaptive information weight causes lines to assume more of the estimation burden exactly as point features become scarce, and the extension adds residual blocks to existing solvers rather than introducing a second estimator, reducing exactly to the unmodified…

    AIRobotics60PDF
  • arXiv eess.SPVoice AIOct 14

    Cross-subject decoding of imagined speech from scalp EEG: a leakage-controlled evaluation on three public corpora

    Blessing Isoyiza Adeika, Onyema Osuagwu

    Objective. A decoder of imagined speech that works for a new user without calibration would make a non-invasive speech interface practical. We tested whether imagined-speech content recorded with scalp electroencephalography (EEG) transfers across people, and examined why accuracy within a single person remains low. Approach. We analyzed three public corpora, ds003626, KaraOne and Track 3 of the 2020 International Brain-Computer Interface Competition, under a protocol that enforces split integrity by assertion and reports exact binomial thresholds, group tests and bootstrap confidence intervals. We trained decoders on each participant and tested them on every other, compared representational geometry across participants without a classifier, applied subject-level alignment, and tested five explanations for the within-subject ceiling. Main results. Across 482 ordered pairs of participants, no pair survived correction for multiple comparisons; mean pair-transfer accuracy lay within 0.006 of chance on every corpus, while every within-subject reference lay above it. Imagery against pre-stimulus rest generalized at about 0.61 after artifact and elapsed-time controls, but its decoder…

    AI50PDF
  • arXiv cs.AIAgentsOct 14▲ 602

    LEV: Thinking Fast and Deep with Looped Decision Models

    Dingjie Song, Zhiling Yan, Yuxuan Zhang, Lichao Sun

    Decision models answer typed questions about an input with one probability per option, computed in a single forward pass without generating text. Like the fast System 1 of dual-process theory, they answer at once, but their depth is fixed at training time, so they spend the same computation on easy and hard questions. Models that reason in generated text can think longer, but they pay for every extra step in decoded tokens. We present LEV, a decision model that thinks deeper by rerunning its layers in a loop instead of generating tokens. LEV builds on a language model pretrained as a loop, reads the options after every loop step and trains all steps jointly, so one checkpoint can answer at any depth. On three looped backbones, accuracy rises with depth on the same weights, mostly on hard questions, and a 2.6B LEV goes from 63.2% at depth one to 76.2% at depth four on JevBench. On-demand depth, set per question by a small stopper with a threshold fitted on unlabelled requests, saves 15% to 24% of the computation at a cost of under one accuracy point, level with or slightly above a fixed mix of depths. On a locked test set, the 1.4B and 3B models are 5.4 to 8.8 points more accurate…

    AIInference & serving70Code
  • arXiv stat.MLOct 14

    Ranked Right, Sized Wrong: Ensemble Spread Fails Silently at Streamflow Extremes

    Justin Gallant, Tyler Wilson

    Deep learning models, particularly Long Short-Term Memory networks, are increasingly used for operational streamflow forecasting, with ensemble spread providing a signal of predictive uncertainty. As climate change increases the frequency of hydroclimatic extremes, these models will increasingly operate under flow conditions that are rare in their historical records. We therefore evaluate whether ensemble spread remains informative under increasing flows, examining both its magnitude relative to error and its ability to rank errors. Prediction error is approximately $2\times$ the corrected spread at ordinary flows and up to $4\times$ at the highest flows, with the discrepancy increasing with flow (log-log slope $1.30$, 95% CI: $[1.20,1.41]$). Under-dispersion is strongest in observed extreme flows beyond the training record, reaching an $18\times$ discrepancy. This is pervasive and not explainable by conditional mean bias. Area Under the Sparsification Error, a standard distribution-free metric of uncertainty ranking, describing how well a model knows when it is uncertain, indicates near-oracle ranking for ensemble spread ($0.071$), yet ordering by predicted discharge alone…

    AI10PDF
  • arXiv cs.CRAI safetyOct 14

    Screwtape: Adversarial Transcript Editing for Monitor Red-Teaming

    Gosha Kozhevnikov, Tyler Tracy

    We present Screwtape, a pipeline that converts real agent transcripts into attacks that evade action-only monitors. An LLM attacker edits a transcript so that the agent causes a specified harm, such as leaking an API key or spawning an unmonitored agent. The edited actions are never executed, so we use an LLM verifier to reject attacks that are inconsistent with the original transcript or below a severity bar. The attacker revises the edit until the monitor no longer flags it. We applied Screwtape to 94 Claude Code and Codex transcripts from Redwood Research staff, optimizing against our own monitors. Across 252 runs, it produced 35 attacks that passed the verifier and evaded these monitors. Six of them, confirmed valid by human review, also evaded a held-out monitor provided by a frontier developer. We therefore demonstrate that a red-teamer without access to a developer's infrastructure can find confirmed failures of the developer's monitor. We expect to find more attacks when the pipeline runs inside the developer's infrastructure, with frontier attacker models that lack refusal safeguards and direct optimization against the production monitor. Developers can use these attacks…

    AIAgents90PDF
  • arXiv cs.AIAgentsOct 14▲ 154

    MAI-Gym: An Open All-in-One Platform for GUI Agent Evaluation and RL Training across Mobile and Computer Environments

    Panrong Tong, Quyu Kong, Pengxiang Li, Tianyu Xia, Hanzhang Zhou +10

    Online reinforcement learning (RL) with verifiable rewards has driven rapid progress in mathematics, coding, and tool use, but scaling this success to GUI agents remains challenging due to the high cost of interactive environments and the scarcity of realistic training tasks. We introduce MAI-Gym, an open all-in-one platform that unifies GUI agent evaluation, data collection, and online RL training across mobile, computer, and web environments. Through a shared rollout pipeline, MAI-Gym ensures consistent agent behavior across evaluation and training, supports ten established benchmarks, and scales to 20,000 parallel environment instances. Beyond scalable infrastructure, MAI-Gym enables automated synthesis of diverse GUI applications and challenging tasks, including resettable mocked apps and coherent cross-app worlds with execution-validated task verifiers. Using MAI-Gym, we train MAI-Gym-9B, a unified 9B agent for mobile and computer use, achieving state-of-the-art performance among open GUI agents under 10B parameters: 78.4% on MobileWorld and 76.2% on OSWorld-Verified. Importantly, RL in a mocked train-ticketing app transfers to its real-world counterpart, improving task…

    AIEvals90Code
  • arXiv cs.AIAgentsOct 14

    RAC: A Relational Agent Contract for Constraint-Governed Engineering Tasks

    Kaiyuan Zheng, Fengqing Jiang, Yichen Feng, Zubin Aaron Assadian, Yuetai Li +4

    Engineering agents must produce artifacts that satisfy exact, coupled constraints. Existing solutions often require agents to make semantic decisions and also derive consequences such as precise geometry or timing from those decisions, leading to failures in constraint-governed engineering tasks. In this paper, we introduce RAC, a harness-agnostic contract for the action and feedback layer of engineering agents. It specifies authoritative observations, semantic actions, tool-based realization, independent verification, and repair evidence. The agent decides which relations an artifact should satisfy; specialized tools derive their concrete consequences. On PCB placement, routing, and repair tasks, RAC achieves the highest clean-pass rate for all nine evaluated models, averaging 90.9%, compared with 74.0% for the strongest baseline, requirements-only delegation. In job-shop scheduling, direct relational actions achieve 96.3% quality pass versus 59.6% for code-mediated delivery with access to the same scheduling backend. Our evaluations on 141 embedded-code tasks across four microcontroller identify the action contract as a source of agent capability: preserving semantic control…

    AI70PDF
  • arXiv cs.SEOct 14

    EnterpriseSynth: Zero-Execution SFT and Evaluation Data from OpenAPI Specs

    Rashmi Thimmaraju, Natan Vidra, Spurthi Setty

    Tool-using large language model agents require substantial training and evaluation data, yet collecting execution traces from enterprise APIs is often unsafe, expensive, or infeasible because of access controls, compliance constraints, rate limits, and the risk of modifying production data. We present EnterpriseSynth, a zero-execution framework that converts OpenAPI specifications into supervised fine-tuning trajectories and paired evaluation instances without invoking the underlying APIs. The framework uses a four-stage pipeline for specification parsing, intent generation, trajectory synthesis, and static validation. Each generated trajectory is checked against the source specification for endpoint, parameter, type, and schema consistency before being admitted to the dataset. We evaluate EnterpriseSynth on 17 real and synthetic APIs. Adversarial refinement increases the validator's detection rate for planted schema violations from 57-80% to 98% (43/44). Across five random seeds, a compact open-weight model fine-tuned on EnterpriseSynth data outperforms both an untuned model and a Self-Instruct baseline on held-out APIs. Performance remains consistent on five private,…

    PDF
  • arXiv cs.CLAgentsOct 14

    Prune the Summary, Not the History: Source-Judged Compaction for Long-Horizon Agents

    Guanghui Min, Chen Chen

    Long-horizon LLM agents rely on context compaction: when the interaction history outgrows the context window, a compressor replaces it with a natural-language summary. We show that these summaries contain more than a record of what happened. Compaction prompts ask for decisions and next steps, so each summary mixes facts established by the environment with reasoning written by the compressor, and the agent cannot tell the two apart afterwards. In an analysis of a widely used structured compressor, 83% of failed runs trace back to an action that carries out a specific summary entry, most of which no environment output supports. We propose Source-Judged Compaction (SJC), a training-free post-processing step that scores each summary entry for whether it has a source in the environment outputs or the previous summary, and removes the entries that do not. It changes neither the agent nor the compressor and adds one inexpensive judge request per compaction. The judge is Jev, a non-generative decision model that answers the source question with a calibrated probability instead of text. On AppWorld and OfficeBench with two agent models, SJC improves cross-run reliability over the…

    AI80PDF
  • arXiv cs.AIAgentsOct 14

    SkillNEO: Non-Elitist Evolutionary Optimization of Agent Skills

    Enze Ma, Chunyu Miao, Yankai Chen, Jie Yang, Liancheng Fang +12

    Agent skills turn procedural knowledge into reusable artifacts, allowing LLM agents to accumulate and refine expertise through experience. Building on this, skill evolution iteratively improves skills using execution feedback. However, improvement may require several interdependent edits, so low-reward versions can still be worth developing. Requiring immediate reward gains can discard useful partial repairs before their benefits emerge. Non-elitist evolution allows new versions to receive further edits despite scoring below earlier ones. For agent skills, this calls for evidence of what to preserve and repair next. We introduce SkillNEO (Non-Elitist Evolutionary Optimization for Agent Skills), which separately selects a version to use and versions to keep improving. Comparing how related versions perform the same task reveals working steps to preserve and remaining failures to fix. It can also revisit and revise earlier versions using later evidence. Across 86 SkillsBench tasks in eight domains, including software engineering and office work, SkillNEO raises GPT-5.4 Mini's average reward from 49.1% to 66.4%, within GPT-5.5 and GPT-5.6 Luna's original-skill range. Mini executes…

    AI70PDF
  • arXiv cs.RORoboticsOct 14

    Planning to Learn: Real-Time Robust Adaptive Control on the GPU with Guaranteed Future Learning

    Anutam Srinivasan, Siddhant Panse, Glen Chou

    Robust adaptive control is vital for keeping robots safe while actively reducing uncertainty in unfamiliar settings. However, traditional methods are often conservative since they fail to account for guaranteed future parameter learning during planning and struggle to scale to high-dimensional systems. In this work, we present A-SLS, a learning-aware robust adaptive model predictive control (RAMPC) framework based on system-level synthesis. A-SLS forecasts future parameter uncertainty and preserves correlations between process disturbances, parameter error, and estimate updates to construct tight, guaranteed reachable sets that account for future information gain. We also develop a GPU-accelerated A-SLS solver to enable real-time performance. Across nonlinear robotic systems, A-SLS reduces reachable-tube conservativeness, maintains real-time performance, and scales to whole-body control for a quadruped with 61 states, 8 uncertain parameters, and 12 control inputs. We further demonstrate the approach on hardware, where a physical Crazyflie drone learns an uncertain dynamics parameter online to stabilize on the fly.

    AIInference & serving70PDF
  • arXiv cs.AIOct 14

    Defining and Generating Compositional Structure

    Eric Elmoznino, Tejas Kasetty, Blaise Agüera y Arcas, Yoshua Bengio, Guillaume Lajoie

    Compositional structure is pervasive in nature and across scales: atoms combine into molecules, molecules into cells, and cells into organisms, while further compositional hierarchies appear within each level. More broadly, compositionality, the reuse and recombination of parts into novel structures, is a fundamental source of interesting complexity in both natural and artificial systems. Yet despite its importance, and despite our apparent ease in recognizing it, mathematical accounts capturing what we intuitively mean by compositional structure remain limited. Here, we fill this gap by formalizing a simple idea: compositional structure emerges when parts, considered together, reveal shared structure that is not captured when those parts are modeled separately. We express this idea using algorithmic information theory, the mathematics of information and compression, which provides a natural way to identify structure in arbitrary data without specifying in advance what that structure must look like. Applied across scales, our definition informs where and how compositional structure emerges within an object. Using tractable approximations, we then invert the framework to generate…

    AI20PDF
  • arXiv cs.AIAI safetyOct 14

    A Multi-Tiered AI Accessibility Model (MAIAM): Proportionate Access and Capability Limits for Comprehensive Frontier AI Safety

    Chai K. Toh, Vasu Raj Jain

    Most debate about releasing capable AI systems treats the choice as binary: keep the model behind an API, or publish the weights. That framing runs together two separate decisions. One is how capable a system may become. The other is who may obtain a given capability, and on what terms. This paper is about the second decision. We propose a Multi-Tiered AI Accessibility Model (MAIAM) that sorts access by purpose, safety, and capability instead of by release artifact. Tier 1, AI for Learning, is broadly accessible and deliberately capability-bounded. Tier 2, AI for Exploration, serves research and development under registration, identity, and usage controls that tighten as capability rises. Tier 3, Full-Scale Frontier AI, is available only through structured, recorded, and accountable access. The principle behind the tiers is that accessibility should be proportional to capability, safety, and risk. We show why publishing frontier-class weights forfeits every safety lever a developer has after release, and, using evidence that safety fine-tuning can be stripped from open weights for a few hundred dollars, why an evaluation of the base model says little about its derivatives. We…

    AI80PDF
  • arXiv physics.ao-phOct 14

    Forecast lead time and the timing of crew deployment for weather-driven power outages using AI weather models

    Mohammad Kian Golkar, Luciano Alves de Oliveira, Mohamad Alipour

    Utilities request mutual aid crews to restore power after severe storms, and requesting early secures more crews but relies on less accurate forecasts. We examined how forecast lead time affects the value of outage predictions for crew deployment, using operational forecasts from two AI weather models, GraphCast and FourCastNet, to predict outage occurrence for counties across the contiguous United States 24 to 120 hours ahead. Forecasts were evaluated by the share of outage burden captured by the counties where crews would be staged. Captured burden declined with lead time: the loss between three and five days was significant in all analyses, whereas the loss within three days was significant only for outages that had not yet started. Early deployment with all requested crews outperformed late deployment with fewer, and we report the availability ratio at which the two break even. Antecedent land surface predictors computed at forecast valid time include weather from the forecast period, which inflates their skill by 42 to 53% and reverses their apparent advantage over forecast meteorology at long lead times. Computed correctly, they improved occurrence skill by 17.5% at 24…

    AI20PDF
  • arXiv cs.CVComputer visionOct 14

    Decision-FLIP: Budget-Free Structured Pruning for Gaussian Occupancy Models

    Jingxing Li, Anurag Paul, Subhasis Das, Cindy Xu

    Occupancy predictors rely on large persistent banks of Gaussians or learned queries whose size is fixed by hand. Common pruning proxies, such as opacity, activation frequency, or parameter magnitude, do not measure whether removing a row changes the model's voxel decisions. We introduce Decision-FLIP, a budget-free compilation framework whose scoring and structure selection need only unlabeled calibration inputs. Exact Mean-FLIP scores each persistent row by the number of voxel argmax decisions that change when the row is removed from the readout; a guarded Otsu split of the log-score distribution selects the survivor count without a target and abstains when the split is unsupported; and the survivors are physically compiled into a smaller checkpoint, so camera sampling, attention, and aggregation shrink with the bank. For streaming banks, scores are integrated over each row's lifecycle through warp, death, and refill. Across four Gaussian-bank model-dataset settings and one persistent-query transfer, the automatically selected cuts remove 12-79% of eligible rows and cut bank/query-dependent latency by 7-45% across settings with component profiles, with whole-model savings of up…

    AIInference & serving60PDF
  • arXiv cs.LGSmall LLMsOct 14

    Recursive Offline Distillation via Entropy Gain Sampling and Answer Mixing

    Andrey Goncharov, Daniil Vyazhev, Simon Epanov, Alexey Zaytsev

    Distillation of reasoning chains from Large Language Models (LLMs) into their smaller siblings is a standard training approach. Frequently, researchers do not have full access to a teacher model and its internal representations, which limits the resulting performance. We propose a recursive offline distillation method combining two components: entropy-based sampling for selective distillation and answer mixing. Specifically, for three open models (3-4B), at each epoch, we sample reasoning chains weighted by entropy difference with an auxiliary medium model (70-72B) and, next, supplement thinking traces with single-token ground truth answers. Our approach consistently outperforms naive distillation with comparable data budgets ($57.15 \pm 1.01$ vs 51.61 on average) and offers a much steeper learning curve. Additionally, we present a comparative analysis of methods to generate and normalize distillation traces.

    AITraining & fine-tuning70PDF
  • arXiv cs.LGOct 14

    Replicable Dueling Bandits

    Rohan Deb, Aadirupa Saha, Udaya Ghai, Karan Singh, Arindam Banerjee

    Dueling bandits choose each comparison based on earlier noisy outcomes, so two runs on the same preferences can compare different pairs. We study replicable dueling bandits, where two executions with shared internal randomness and independent comparison outcomes must select the same ordered pair in every round with probability at least $1-ρ$. Building on Beat-the-Mean, whose scores change as arms are eliminated and need not rank the best arm highest, we design the first such algorithms with sublinear regret. Under relaxed stochastic transitivity with parameter $γ\ge 1$ and the stochastic triangle inequality, we design an algorithm that achieves expected regret $\widetilde{O}(γ^8 K^4 H_{\mathrm{p}}/ρ^2)$, where $H_{\mathrm{p}}=\sum_{i=2}^{K}(P_{1i}-1/2)^{-1}$. Under strong stochastic transitivity, we design an algorithm based on simultaneous elimination that improves the dependence on $K$ and achieves $\widetilde{O}(K^2 H_{\mathrm{p}}/ρ^2)$ regret. For linear dueling bandits, we design an algorithm that achieves regret $\widetilde{O}(d^3\sqrt{T}/(c_μρ))$. Experiments on synthetic and language-model preferences show replicability, with sublinear regret.

    AI10PDF
  • arXiv cs.LGOct 14

    Task-Centric Multimodal Learning for Cognitive Impairment Detection

    Sankalp Vaish, Rishank Singh, Sumukh Veeramalla, Caroline Summerour, John A. Batsis +1

    Dementia affects millions of older adults worldwide, yet early detection remains difficult outside clinical settings. Traditional models primarily rely on text or voice-based responses, capturing only a limited view of human cognition despite the inherently multimodal nature of human expression. This work proposes a contactless, multimodal screening framework that leverages video, audio, and text signals collected during structured voice-based interactions with Amazon Alexa. By incorporating these modalities, our approach captures a more holistic representation of human behavior encompassing speech patterns, vocal characteristics, facial expressions, and linguistic structure, which may enable more accurate detection of cognitive decline. Different participants completed three conversational tasks designed to probe spontaneous speech, comprehension, and recall. We pursued three objectives: (1) evaluate which of the three Alexa tasks provides the most informative cognitive signals, (2) compare the effectiveness of unimodal models, and (3) assess the benefits of multimodal fusion models. Task-level analysis shows that the video model achieves its best performance on Command-Reading,…

    AI20PDF
  • arXiv cs.RORoboticsOct 14

    EgoJEPA: Beyond Retargeting for Dexterous Manipulation from Egocentric Videos

    Meng Cao, Can Zhao, Jinjie Wei, Haonan Zhao, Yulong Zhang +10

    Egocentric human videos offer a scalable alternative to costly robot demonstra- tions, yet transferring their manipulation priors to robot control remains chal- lenging. The commonly adopted retargeting-based approaches convert human wrist and finger poses into embodiment-specific action commands through hand- crafted geometric mappings. However, such mappings require meticulous recal- ibration across different embodiments and risk propagating hand-tracking errors into downstream robot control pipelines. To this end, we propose EgoJEPA, a three-stage framework that learns embodiment-agnostic representations from ego- centric human videos without rule-based human-to-robot retargeting: 1) Human- action pre-training learns effect-aware latent actions through JEPA-style visual prediction conditioned on hand-motion differences; 2) Latent-action-based world modeling jointly predicts future visual dynamics and latent actions, which decou- ples human prior pre-training from robot-specific control parameterizations; 3) Embodiment-specific tuning adapts the pretrained model to diverse robots through lightweight action adapters. Experiments on five real-world manipulation tasks across three…

    AI80PDF
  • arXiv cs.LGOct 14

    Sign Betting for Misspecified Regression: Variance Adaptivity and Optimal Approximation

    Yinan Li, Han Han, Kwang-Sung Jun

    We study bounded regression under model misspecification, evaluating a function $f$ by its $L_1(P_X)$ distance to the conditional mean $η(x)=\mathbb{E}[Y\mid X=x]$, rather than the standard $L_2(P_X)$. This $L_1$ metric is natural for downstream decision problems such as bandits and reinforcement learning. We analyze the min--max estimator of Baraud & Maillard (2025), which we call \emph{sign-betting regression}. Our main results show that sign-betting regression achieves high-probability $L_1$ oracle inequalities under misspecification. Under realizability, our bound adapts to the average conditional variance and recovers the variance-adaptive rate of Li et al. (2026). We further characterize the optimal universal approximation factor for proper learning by showing that sign betting achieves factor 3, while no proper learner can satisfy a distribution-free, high-probability $L_1$ oracle inequality with a universal approximation factor strictly below 3. We extend the upper-bound analysis beyond finite classes and complement the theory with experiments in synthetic and real-world model-selection tasks.

    AI10PDF
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Rising research topics

  • Federated learning39−13.3%
  • CAD models13−13.3%
  • Adversarial training43−14.0%
  • Forecasting time66−14.3%
  • Anomaly detectors30−16.7%
  • Inference & serving223−23.9%
  • Frontier LLMs388−25.1%
  • Agents434−26.4%