Today's trail

Educational foundation models must solve problems, understand curriculum structure, diagnose learner difficulties, and provide appropriate instructional support. Existing educational language models often focus on either problem solving or tutoring, with training mixtures…

Modern Transformer design and compression both reduce to allocating capacity under a budget. The standard scalars for these decisions, #Params and #FLOPs, capture size and compute but not architectural structure: two architectures with identical parameter budgets but different…

Large language models (LLMs) and agentic AI systems are creating rapidly growing inference energy demands as model sizes grow and reasoning trajectories extend. While in practice, many queries do not require the capabilities of the largest available model, and routinely…

Over-the-air federated learning lets edge devices transmit their local updates simultaneously, reducing the communication overhead. The resulting waveform, however, has a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) that grows with the model dimension, and keeping the amplifier in its…