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Open problems in CAD models

Long-horizon iterative 3D editing1 paper raises it · 2 address it
Real-world CAD assets are built through many sequential edits, but current methods fail to preserve unedited parts or follow instructions over long sequences.
- EditHero: A Benchmark for Long-Horizon Part-Level 3D Editing and Vibe Modelingraises · addresses
- 3DCodeVerse: Exploring 3D Worlds as Codeaddresses
Physically grounded and functional 3D generation2 papers raise it · 3 address it
Generating 3D models that are buildable, stable, and functional remains difficult, as most methods focus only on geometry or appearance.
- LMBuild: Evaluating LLM Agents for Generating Buildable and Functional Structuresraises · addresses
- Towards Physically Grounded Articulated 3D Assets: A Multi-Agent Pipeline and Benchmarkraises · addresses
- Scene-Designer: Learning Design Intelligence for Agentic 3D Scene Generationaddresses
Autonomous CAD reconstruction from 3D shapes1 paper raises it · 1 addresses it
Recovering editable, parametric CAD programs from raw meshes is error-prone and requires coordinating multiple tools and proposals.
- CADFather: Autonomous CAD Reconstruction through Coordinated Tool Useraises · addresses
Local control in 3D generation1 paper raises it · 1 addresses it
Existing 3D generation methods lack fine-grained control over geometry and appearance, limiting precise editing and customization.
- SpaceFlow: Locally Controllable 3D Generationraises · addresses
Open-ended procedural 3D world generation1 paper raises it · 1 addresses it
Procedural generation of diverse, photorealistic 3D worlds is constrained by predefined APIs and lacks flexibility for novel asset types.
- InfiniDream: Open-Ended Photorealistic 3D Worlds Through Procedural Generationraises · addresses

Named by an AI from these papers' abstracts.

Open problems

Recently funded

Topics in this field

cad models · cad · parametric cad83 papers15 this week

Topics in this field

Active contributors · 90 days

Yifan ShenAssemState: Manual and Physical-State-Guided Reasoning for Zero-shot Furniture Assembly3
Kaipeng ZhangInfiniDream: Open-Ended Photorealistic 3D Worlds Through Procedural Generation2
Zheng-Hui HuangInfiniDream: Open-Ended Photorealistic 3D Worlds Through Procedural Generation2
Zhixiang WangInfiniDream: Open-Ended Photorealistic 3D Worlds Through Procedural Generation2
Hao GengGNN-Guided Local Refinement for Efficient Layout Decomposition with DSA-MP2
Jiajun WuInverse Garment Design with Visual Agents2

Active contributors

Activity · 12 weeks

Coming with more sources: repos

Activity

Open problems in CAD models

Long-horizon iterative 3D editing1 paper raises it · 2 address it
Real-world CAD assets are built through many sequential edits, but current methods fail to preserve unedited parts or follow instructions over long sequences.
- EditHero: A Benchmark for Long-Horizon Part-Level 3D Editing and Vibe Modelingraises · addresses
- 3DCodeVerse: Exploring 3D Worlds as Codeaddresses
Physically grounded and functional 3D generation2 papers raise it · 3 address it
Generating 3D models that are buildable, stable, and functional remains difficult, as most methods focus only on geometry or appearance.
- LMBuild: Evaluating LLM Agents for Generating Buildable and Functional Structuresraises · addresses
- Towards Physically Grounded Articulated 3D Assets: A Multi-Agent Pipeline and Benchmarkraises · addresses
- Scene-Designer: Learning Design Intelligence for Agentic 3D Scene Generationaddresses
Autonomous CAD reconstruction from 3D shapes1 paper raises it · 1 addresses it
Recovering editable, parametric CAD programs from raw meshes is error-prone and requires coordinating multiple tools and proposals.
- CADFather: Autonomous CAD Reconstruction through Coordinated Tool Useraises · addresses
Local control in 3D generation1 paper raises it · 1 addresses it
Existing 3D generation methods lack fine-grained control over geometry and appearance, limiting precise editing and customization.
- SpaceFlow: Locally Controllable 3D Generationraises · addresses
Open-ended procedural 3D world generation1 paper raises it · 1 addresses it
Procedural generation of diverse, photorealistic 3D worlds is constrained by predefined APIs and lacks flexibility for novel asset types.
- InfiniDream: Open-Ended Photorealistic 3D Worlds Through Procedural Generationraises · addresses

Named by an AI from these papers' abstracts.

Activity · 12 weeks

Coming with more sources: repos

Recent papers

All in Research →

arXiv cs.CVOct 16
FlexPart: Text-Controlled Semantics-Aware 3D Part Segmentation at Flexible Granularity
Yiqun Zhao, Jiachen Xu, Yihao Zhi, Yunfei Zhao, Zibo Zhao +3
A 3D asset admits multiple valid part decompositions, while semantics-aware segmentation should reflect both the desired granularity and the parts a user wants to extract. Ideally, a practical segmentation model should strive for a simple principle: what you ask for is what you get. However, realizing this goal is hindered by two core obstacles: the lack of multi-granularity training data and the absence of a holistic control mechanism. We propose FLEXPART, a unified framework for text-controlled 3D mesh segmentation. To establish flexible control, we introduce a holistic control prompt comprising semantic part names with location and shape clauses. To support this mechanism, we utilize an automated Vision-Language Model (VLM) pipeline to construct a large-scale dataset of multi-granularity partitions and their corresponding prompts. Driven by this data, FLEXPART generates a view-independent part-identity field in native 3D space, directly assigning discrete part IDs to mesh faces. To compel the model to respect semantic conditions rather than rely on geometric priors, we train the model using randomized background dropping. Furthermore, an inference-time VLM planner can…
PDF arXiv
arXiv cs.LGOct 16
Structural Affinity: An Algorithm for Coherent Cage-Based Shape Design
Aviraj Newatia, Shengan Yang, Hantao Zhong, Rika Antonova
Cage-based deformation (CBD) parametrises 3D geometry through a small set of control handles, effectively enabling a variety of tasks from animation and interactive modelling to tool-based co-design, neural deformation transfer, and aerodynamic shape optimization. Many optimization approaches relying on CBD employ regularisation strategies to reduce the distortion of the deformed mesh by encouraging smooth, regular cage deformations. These techniques offer soft guidance to an optimization algorithm towards desirable deformations, but compete with the task objective rather than changing the deformation parameterization itself. In this work we introduce Structural Affinity for CBD, an explicit regularisation method which enables smooth deformations through control cages by exploiting a two-cage structure to couple cage-handle motion directly. Structural Affinity precomputes an affinity matrix using mean-value coordinates, binding the inner control-cage to a coarser outer-cage. This matrix defines how much a cage handle displacement propagates to neighbouring handles which substantially decreases and often eliminates cage self-intersections, reduces mesh distortion, and adds linear…
PDF arXiv
arXiv cs.CVCodeOct 16▲ 56
Scene-Designer: Learning Design Intelligence for Agentic 3D Scene Generation
Xuanyu Liu, Hongyan Feng, Miao Pan, Sunlai Chen, Lizhou Liang +3
Generating complete, coherent, and usable 3D indoor scenes from natural language requires strong \textbf{design intelligence}: the ability to design high-quality scenes and critique their quality. However, existing approaches either rely on general-purpose models lacking domain-specific design experience or learn from static scenes. In this work, we introduce \textbf{Scene-Designer}, an agentic framework that learns design intelligence through complementary design and critique experiences. We construct two datasets: \textbf{Scene-OTA-35K}, which provides Observation--Thought--Action supervision for learning scene design and efficient error correction, and \textbf{Scene-OTC-15K}, which provides Observation--Thought--Critic supervision for learning scene quality critique across physical validity, functional correctness, and layout coherence. Based on these experiences, we propose \textbf{Scene-GRPO}, a Critic-guided GRPO framework that improves design decisions and reduces unnecessary trial-and-error corrections. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Scene-Designer achieves superior performance in physical validity, functional correctness, and layout coherence, while the learned…
PDF arXiv Code
arXiv cs.CVCodeOct 15▲ 107
3DCodeVerse: Exploring 3D Worlds as Code
Yipeng Gao, Ziyao Zeng, Jinfa Huang, Yijiang Li, Haolin Xiong +14
We introduce 3DCodeVerse, a research ecosystem that enables coding agents to create editable and verifiable 3D content at scale. 3DCodeVerse comprises large-scale, high-quality datasets of executable 3D code, a coding harness for spatial reasoning and automated verification, and practical guidance for 3D coding. First, we construct 3DCodeVerse-2M, a large-scale curated dataset of standalone 3D executable code. We build this corpus by collecting open-source data, converting specialized representations, and generating new programs with coding agents. Each program is packaged with the source files and associated assets required for execution in its declared environment, along with available descriptions and verification records. Second, we develop the 3DCodeVerse Harness, a multi-agent directed acyclic graph framework for generating and refining 3D content. It uses execution checks, spatial measurements, and visual feedback to automatically evaluate and revise generated programs without human feedback during generation. Third, we conduct systematic empirical studies of 3D coding, establishing baselines with fine-tuned open models and deriving practical guidance through…
PDF arXiv Code
arXiv cs.AIOct 15
GNN-Guided Local Refinement for Efficient Layout Decomposition with DSA-MP
Yu Feng, Liyi Zhou, Haoyu Wang, Yiming Xu, Hao Geng +3
Multiple patterning lithography (MPL) has been widely used to improve lithography resolution in advanced nodes, but it faces cost limits as feature sizes shrink. Directed self-assembly (DSA) offers a cost-effective complement, extending the resolution of optical lithography to sub-10 nm and beyond. Integrating DSA into MPL (DSA-MP) further enhances the resolution of contact/via patterning. Nevertheless, growing design complexity exposes the limits of existing decomposition methods, which struggle to balance solution quality and runtime, and neglect edge-to-edge spacing constraints of DSA templates, compromising manufacturability. To address these issues, we introduce a new conflict graph model capturing the previously overlooked constraints and develop a local refinement strategy powered by the graph neural network, enabling efficient and scalable layout decomposition. Experiments demonstrate that our method achieves higher solution quality with faster convergence than state-of-the-art methods, while maintaining robustness across layout scales, design styles, technology nodes, and varying mask counts.
PDF arXiv
arXiv cs.CLOct 15
RenoLayout: Unified Floorplan Renovation and Furniture Layout for Constraint-Aware Residential Design
Jingguo Liu, Yuanqing Liu, Chong Zhang, Yue Yang
Residential design aims to transform existing homes into functional living spaces while satisfying diverse design preferences and physical constraints. However, existing floorplan generation methods typically assume empty building boundaries as input, whereas renovation requires reasoning over existing floorplans. Furthermore, floorplan renovation and furniture layout are commonly addressed as separate tasks, overlooking their inherent spatial dependency. Consequently, practical residential design must preserve immutable structural components while transforming editable spatial elements. It must also optimize furniture placement under design objectives and physical constraints. To address these challenges, we formulate residential design as a design-point-guided conditional generation task and propose RenoLayout, a framework that translates a pre-design residential state together with a design-point set into an executable Geometry-as-Code program. To enable controllable supervision, we construct a Design Map comprising 123 fine-grained design points covering structural renovation and furniture layout. We further introduce Difference-Grounded Design-Point Annotation to derive…
PDF arXiv

Papers

Topics in this field

cad models · cad · parametric cad83 papers15 this week

Active contributors · 90 days

Yifan ShenAssemState: Manual and Physical-State-Guided Reasoning for Zero-shot Furniture Assembly3
Kaipeng ZhangInfiniDream: Open-Ended Photorealistic 3D Worlds Through Procedural Generation2
Zheng-Hui HuangInfiniDream: Open-Ended Photorealistic 3D Worlds Through Procedural Generation2
Zhixiang WangInfiniDream: Open-Ended Photorealistic 3D Worlds Through Procedural Generation2
Hao GengGNN-Guided Local Refinement for Efficient Layout Decomposition with DSA-MP2
Jiajun WuInverse Garment Design with Visual Agents2

Recent papers

All in Research →

arXiv cs.CVOct 16
FlexPart: Text-Controlled Semantics-Aware 3D Part Segmentation at Flexible Granularity
Yiqun Zhao, Jiachen Xu, Yihao Zhi, Yunfei Zhao, Zibo Zhao +3
A 3D asset admits multiple valid part decompositions, while semantics-aware segmentation should reflect both the desired granularity and the parts a user wants to extract. Ideally, a practical segmentation model should strive for a simple principle: what you ask for is what you get. However, realizing this goal is hindered by two core obstacles: the lack of multi-granularity training data and the absence of a holistic control mechanism. We propose FLEXPART, a unified framework for text-controlled 3D mesh segmentation. To establish flexible control, we introduce a holistic control prompt comprising semantic part names with location and shape clauses. To support this mechanism, we utilize an automated Vision-Language Model (VLM) pipeline to construct a large-scale dataset of multi-granularity partitions and their corresponding prompts. Driven by this data, FLEXPART generates a view-independent part-identity field in native 3D space, directly assigning discrete part IDs to mesh faces. To compel the model to respect semantic conditions rather than rely on geometric priors, we train the model using randomized background dropping. Furthermore, an inference-time VLM planner can…
PDF arXiv
arXiv cs.LGOct 16
Structural Affinity: An Algorithm for Coherent Cage-Based Shape Design
Aviraj Newatia, Shengan Yang, Hantao Zhong, Rika Antonova
Cage-based deformation (CBD) parametrises 3D geometry through a small set of control handles, effectively enabling a variety of tasks from animation and interactive modelling to tool-based co-design, neural deformation transfer, and aerodynamic shape optimization. Many optimization approaches relying on CBD employ regularisation strategies to reduce the distortion of the deformed mesh by encouraging smooth, regular cage deformations. These techniques offer soft guidance to an optimization algorithm towards desirable deformations, but compete with the task objective rather than changing the deformation parameterization itself. In this work we introduce Structural Affinity for CBD, an explicit regularisation method which enables smooth deformations through control cages by exploiting a two-cage structure to couple cage-handle motion directly. Structural Affinity precomputes an affinity matrix using mean-value coordinates, binding the inner control-cage to a coarser outer-cage. This matrix defines how much a cage handle displacement propagates to neighbouring handles which substantially decreases and often eliminates cage self-intersections, reduces mesh distortion, and adds linear…
PDF arXiv
arXiv cs.CVCodeOct 16▲ 56
Scene-Designer: Learning Design Intelligence for Agentic 3D Scene Generation
Xuanyu Liu, Hongyan Feng, Miao Pan, Sunlai Chen, Lizhou Liang +3
Generating complete, coherent, and usable 3D indoor scenes from natural language requires strong \textbf{design intelligence}: the ability to design high-quality scenes and critique their quality. However, existing approaches either rely on general-purpose models lacking domain-specific design experience or learn from static scenes. In this work, we introduce \textbf{Scene-Designer}, an agentic framework that learns design intelligence through complementary design and critique experiences. We construct two datasets: \textbf{Scene-OTA-35K}, which provides Observation--Thought--Action supervision for learning scene design and efficient error correction, and \textbf{Scene-OTC-15K}, which provides Observation--Thought--Critic supervision for learning scene quality critique across physical validity, functional correctness, and layout coherence. Based on these experiences, we propose \textbf{Scene-GRPO}, a Critic-guided GRPO framework that improves design decisions and reduces unnecessary trial-and-error corrections. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Scene-Designer achieves superior performance in physical validity, functional correctness, and layout coherence, while the learned…
PDF arXiv Code
arXiv cs.CVCodeOct 15▲ 107
3DCodeVerse: Exploring 3D Worlds as Code
Yipeng Gao, Ziyao Zeng, Jinfa Huang, Yijiang Li, Haolin Xiong +14
We introduce 3DCodeVerse, a research ecosystem that enables coding agents to create editable and verifiable 3D content at scale. 3DCodeVerse comprises large-scale, high-quality datasets of executable 3D code, a coding harness for spatial reasoning and automated verification, and practical guidance for 3D coding. First, we construct 3DCodeVerse-2M, a large-scale curated dataset of standalone 3D executable code. We build this corpus by collecting open-source data, converting specialized representations, and generating new programs with coding agents. Each program is packaged with the source files and associated assets required for execution in its declared environment, along with available descriptions and verification records. Second, we develop the 3DCodeVerse Harness, a multi-agent directed acyclic graph framework for generating and refining 3D content. It uses execution checks, spatial measurements, and visual feedback to automatically evaluate and revise generated programs without human feedback during generation. Third, we conduct systematic empirical studies of 3D coding, establishing baselines with fine-tuned open models and deriving practical guidance through…
PDF arXiv Code
arXiv cs.AIOct 15
GNN-Guided Local Refinement for Efficient Layout Decomposition with DSA-MP
Yu Feng, Liyi Zhou, Haoyu Wang, Yiming Xu, Hao Geng +3
Multiple patterning lithography (MPL) has been widely used to improve lithography resolution in advanced nodes, but it faces cost limits as feature sizes shrink. Directed self-assembly (DSA) offers a cost-effective complement, extending the resolution of optical lithography to sub-10 nm and beyond. Integrating DSA into MPL (DSA-MP) further enhances the resolution of contact/via patterning. Nevertheless, growing design complexity exposes the limits of existing decomposition methods, which struggle to balance solution quality and runtime, and neglect edge-to-edge spacing constraints of DSA templates, compromising manufacturability. To address these issues, we introduce a new conflict graph model capturing the previously overlooked constraints and develop a local refinement strategy powered by the graph neural network, enabling efficient and scalable layout decomposition. Experiments demonstrate that our method achieves higher solution quality with faster convergence than state-of-the-art methods, while maintaining robustness across layout scales, design styles, technology nodes, and varying mask counts.
PDF arXiv
arXiv cs.CLOct 15
RenoLayout: Unified Floorplan Renovation and Furniture Layout for Constraint-Aware Residential Design
Jingguo Liu, Yuanqing Liu, Chong Zhang, Yue Yang
Residential design aims to transform existing homes into functional living spaces while satisfying diverse design preferences and physical constraints. However, existing floorplan generation methods typically assume empty building boundaries as input, whereas renovation requires reasoning over existing floorplans. Furthermore, floorplan renovation and furniture layout are commonly addressed as separate tasks, overlooking their inherent spatial dependency. Consequently, practical residential design must preserve immutable structural components while transforming editable spatial elements. It must also optimize furniture placement under design objectives and physical constraints. To address these challenges, we formulate residential design as a design-point-guided conditional generation task and propose RenoLayout, a framework that translates a pre-design residential state together with a design-point set into an executable Geometry-as-Code program. To enable controllable supervision, we construct a Design Map comprising 123 fine-grained design points covering structural renovation and furniture layout. We further introduce Difference-Grounded Design-Point Annotation to derive…
PDF arXiv

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CAD models

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