AstraLOD3: Zero-shot multimodal agentic reconstruction of LOD3 building models

Bryan G. Pantoja-Rosero

Automated LOD3 building modeling typically relies on purpose-built geometric or learning-based pipelines, limiting flexibility across heterogeneous buildings and input evidence conditions. This study investigates whether Astra, a general-purpose multimodal foundation model, can address these limitations through zero-shot reconstruction of LOD3 building models within an agentic framework under bounded autonomy. AstraLOD3 combines multi-view images, calibrated cameras, and a filtered sparse SfM point cloud with a natural-language reconstruction specification, while the Astra agent dynamically selects and executes computational procedures using Python and Blender. Across 35 runs, including 24 benchmark buildings, AstraLOD3 achieved a mean FRDS of 0.9647 and geometric agreement comparable to that of previous purpose-built methods. Controlled ablations further revealed the effects of reconstruction guidance, evidence modalities, model configuration, and run-to-run variability. The results demonstrate that structured LOD3 reconstruction can be formulated as a constrained agentic process rather than as a fixed pipeline. Future work will investigate adaptive refinement, user-guided…