SplatLabel: Pseudo-Labelling through 4D Gaussian Splatting

Nitya Nanvani, Andras Palffy, Holger Caesar

While 2D Vision Foundation Models offer a pathway to automate 3D semantic pseudo-labelling, translating these priors into robust 3D representations typically requires complex heuristics or multi-model ensembles. We introduce SplatLabel, an automated pipeline that leverages a 4D Gaussian representation to extract LiDAR segmentation with predictive confidence, as well as semantic occupancy grids at arbitrary voxel resolutions. At its core, SplatLabel handles dynamic environments through an explicit temporal manifold that models the trajectories and lifespans of individual 3D primitives. This allows the system to accurately track moving actors and strictly define when objects appear and disappear, completely eliminating the need for pre-annotated 3D bounding boxes. To robustly support this dynamic tracking, the representation is grounded by structural and semantic priors: we guide scene geometry in unobserved regions by integrating 360-degree LiDAR via virtual depth maps, and rather than relying on domain-specific prompt engineering, we directly distill continuous soft probabilities from 2D models to inherently resolve semantic ambiguities over time and space. Finally, to accurately…