Timo: Taming Multimodal Diffusion Transformers for Human Motion Generation

Zhao Wang, Jiangtao Hu, Jack Yu, Tao Yu

Most existing human motion generation (HMG) methods use cross-attention modules to inject text semantics, but ignore the importance of bidirectional modeling between motion and text tokens, which limits text comprehension. A straightforward idea is introducing multimodal diffusion transformers (MMDiT), which have shown effective joint text--visual modeling in vision generation, into HMG. However, we find that articulated motion is temporally coherent but weakly correlated across joints, in which directly applying an MMDiT with flow matching produces poorly coordinated and jerky motion. In this work, we propose Timo, a novel kinematics-aware MMDiT framework tailored for HMG. Timo combines fully shared multimodal attention for bidirectional text--motion modeling with flow matching, geometric and rotational-kinematics supervision that compares actual rotations and their changes over time, and a two-stage curriculum progressing from broad motion learning to detailed caption alignment. Further, we construct a benchmark of $40{,}025$ held-out clips from six public datasets spanning diverse actions, assessing six complementary dimensions under a common evaluator and scoring protocol.…