Conformal Prediction and Conditional Coverage for Tabular Foundation Models

Sungwoo Park, Sunghee Park, Won Chang

Tabular foundation models (TFMs) provide predictive distributions for regression, but their prediction regions can exhibit undercoverage or overcoverage even when point predictions are accurate. We introduce C-USIM (Conditionally-Uniformized Score Integration Method), a lightweight application of highest predictive density split conformal prediction that accommodates multimodal predictions. Given calibration and test outputs, it requires no additional training or model inference. It provides finite-sample marginal validity under our assumptions. We bound conditional-marginal coverage gaps using distribution-estimation error and score discreteness, and examine coverage heterogeneity through percentile rank-score plots. Experiments with TabPFN and TabICL show improved marginal coverage accuracy and lower average conditional and group coverage errors. Under a fixed data budget, allocating more observations to calibration can reduce marginal coverage error despite less accurate point predictions.