Cyclostationary Phase Conditioning for Medical Time Series Diffusion

Samuel Ruiperez-Campillo, Michele Copetti, Jorge da Silva Goncalves, Sonia Laguna, Thomas Hofmann +1

Many physiological time series, such as cardiac and brain recordings, exhibit cyclostationarity: their statistics vary periodically with an underlying cycle phase. Corruption from motion, poor contact, and physiological interference obscures morphology needed for diagnosis, making signal restoration essential. Existing diffusion approaches condition on corrupted observations alone and must learn cyclic structure implicitly. We instead propose two inductive biases which encode cyclostationarity: a shift-covariant wavelet representation and dense per-sample phase conditioning inferred from the corrupted input. We further introduce a training-free cyclostationarity index that quantifies phase structure and predicts when phase conditioning will help. Finally, we propose antithetic coupling of reverse trajectories to reduce sampling variance while achieving comparable performance with fivefold fewer network evaluations. Across modalities, our results show that explicitly encoding measurable cyclic structure improves physiological time-series restoration.