ConRAG: Lightweight inference of multi-hop relations

Kilian Bänziger, Sonia Laguna, Markus Kreft, Robert Jakob, Kevin O'Sullivan +2

Understanding how two entities are connected often requires tracing multi-hop relations across documents to identify intermediate entities and supporting evidence that explain a connection. This is a task that appears frequently in scientific research and other knowledge-intensive analyses. We formalise this setting as multi-hop relation inference: given two known endpoint entities, we aim to recover the bridge entities and evidence-grounded reasoning chains that connect them across a document corpus, and to generate an explanation grounded in the retrieved evidence. Existing multi-hop RAG systems typically seek an unknown answer entity rather than explicitly recovering the connection between two known endpoints and graph-based approaches often rely on costly LLM-extracted knowledge graphs that limit scalability to large document collections. We introduce ConRAG, which builds a lightweight entity-document graph from entity co-occurrence and LLM-based entity filtering. Its connective retrieval infers and semantically ranks paths between two endpoints. On MuSiQue and 2WikiMultiHopQA, ConRAG consistently improves bridge entity and reasoning chain recovery over strong RAG baselines,…