Average-and Last-Iterate Lower Bounds for Optimistic Matrix Mirror-Prox in Quantum Zero-Sum Games

Yiheng Su, Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis, Pucheng Xiong

Optimistic matrix mirror-prox (OMMP) computes $ε$-approximate Nash equilibria in quantum zero-sum games with an $O(1/\varepsilon)$ average-iterate guarantee [arXiv:2311.10859]. We investigate whether this dependence on accuracy is tight and whether geometric last-iterate convergence can be guaranteed. We study these questions through explicit games with one qubit per player. First, we prove an $Ω(1/\varepsilon)$ lower bound for the uniform-average output that includes the maximally mixed initial state, independently of the regularizer and step size. Second, we construct a fixed game on which optimistic gradient descent-ascent (OGDA), initialized at the maximally mixed state, has last-iterate Frobenius distance to equilibrium $Θ(1/t)$ and duality gap $Θ(1/t^3)$ for every sufficiently small fixed step size. A separate fixed game exhibits arbitrarily long delays in reducing the initial error by a constant factor across a family of initial states. Finally, we give a fixed game with a unique, strictly complementary equilibrium on which optimistic matrix multiplicative weights updates (OMMWU) converge only polynomially from the maximally mixed state for every fixed positive step size.…