Trustworthy Runtime Error Healing in Real-World Repositories: A Benchmark and Guardrail

Gou Tan, Pengfei Chen, Zhensu Sun, Jieke Shi, Junkai Chen +7

Runtime error healing lets a crashed program continue by generating code that repairs its live runtime state. Recent work shows that LLMs can generate such healing code, but it is evaluated only on small competition programs, and executing LLM-generated code inside a live process raises safety concerns that remain unaddressed. In this paper, we take LLM-based runtime healing toward practical use in real-world repositories. We first build HealBench, a benchmark of 265 runtime errors from 18 real-world repositories, each paired with a reference execution on the patched version. HealBench also provides a unified framework that lets LLM agents heal with cross-file context and live runtime state. We then design HealGuard, which requires healing code to be written in HealCore, an analyzable subset of Python, and uses static and dynamic taint analysis to check whether state changed by healing reaches operations protected by developers. We evaluate a dedicated healing method and three general coding agents with three backbone LLMs. The best setting resumes execution in 38.11% of instances and passes the target test in 28.68%, showing that existing agents can already heal a meaningful…