Decoupled and Distilled: Task-Adaptive LoRA-Teachers with Ensemble Knowledge Transfer for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning

Hongwei Zhao, Rui Liu, Yansong Liu, Zhiyuan Zou, Yong Chen

Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning (FSCIL) addresses the challenge of learning new classes from very limited samples while retaining knowledge of previously learned ones. Although parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods with pre-trained models show promise for class-incremental learning, strict gradient-based constraints can be unreliable under severe data scarcity, while multi-expert approaches can impose substantial inference-time costs. We propose TALON (Task-Adaptive LoRA-Teachers with Ensemble Knowledge Transfer), an inference-efficient FSCIL framework. TALON dynamically allocates an independent LoRA-Teacher to each incremental task for task-specific representation learning, then distills multiple frozen teachers into a unified LoRA-Student through Ensemble Knowledge Transfer, eliminating runtime module selection or generation. A semantic-guided distillation strategy weights teacher contributions by feature-space similarity to mitigate catastrophic forgetting and overfitting. Across three class-order runs, TALON achieves comparable or better mean average accuracy across four FSCIL benchmarks, obtaining 86.68 +/- 1.22% on CUB200, 90.39 +/- 0.27% on CIFAR100, 78.38 +/- 0.94%…