Understanding Issues, Causes and Solutions in Open-Source LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems

Asad Ur Rehman, Syed Mohammad Kashif, Ruiyin Li, Peng Liang, Zengyang Li +1

With the advancement of LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS), an increasing number of opensource projects are adopting multi-agent architectures as the foundation of their core functionality. Although research and practice on MAS have attracted considerable attention, limited studies have explored the challenges faced by practitioners of open-source LLM-based MAS, the causes of these challenges, and potential solutions. To address this gap,we conducted an empirical study to understand the issues that practitioners encounter when developing and using open-source LLM-based MAS, the possible causes of these issues, and potential solutions. We collected 22,848 closed issues from 21 open-source LLM-basedMASand applied a mixed automated and manual filtering approach to reduce the dataset to 944 issues related to LLM-based MAS.We then analyzed these issues to understand the frequent issues encountered by practitioners, their underlying causes, and potential solutions. Our study results show that (1) Orchestration & Execution Issue is the most common issue faced by practitioners, (2) Workflow Problem, Tool Integration Problem, and Memory Problem are identified as the most frequent causes…