Stance Drift: How AI-mediated Communication Distorts Our Message

Lingchong Liu, Yanfei Zhou, Jacob Bien, Y. X. Rachel Wang, Lucy Xia +1

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate human communication, from drafting emails to summarizing scientific reports, yet whether they faithfully preserve a speaker's position remains largely untested. We model AI-mediated communication as a two-step generation-extraction pipeline: one LLM produces an argument from a specified stance, and a second LLM extracts the stance from that argument. We represent the pipeline as a probabilistic state transition over five Likert-type stance categories and define the stance preservation rate (SPR) as the average probability that the extracted stance matches the initial stance. Across 112 debate propositions, none of the nine LLMs tested exceeded an SPR of 0.7 under the default configuration. Three drift patterns accounted for most of the drift: polarization, deviation from neutrality, and flipping. Among the mitigation strategies tested, including in-context learning, multiple extraction with shuffled options, assertion, and reflection, only adding medium reasoning effort to a reflection prompt for GPT-5.4 substantially improved the SPR, to 0.775, yet polarization remained the largest pattern, with 0.119 of the transition mass. An…