Language Models for Page-Level Layout Decisions in E-commerce Search

Varun Joshi, Eva C. Song, ChengXiang Zhai

E-commerce search pages are critical touchpoints for millions of online shoppers. While traditional search engines return a ranked list of results, modern E-commerce search pages increasingly incorporate recommender system modules -- for example, secondary stacks that surface alternative product groupings at specific positions. When introduced appropriately, secondary stacks can improve user engagement; however, suboptimal placement may disrupt browsing flow and degrade the primary results. Unlike traditional search ranking, where evaluation techniques such as interleaving are well established, evaluating page-level layout changes e.g., when and where to insert a secondary stack remains challenging without costly online A/B testing. To address this, we study offline methods for evaluating whether a given layout decision -- specifically, the inclusion of a secondary stack at a particular position -- is beneficial to users. We investigate language models as scalable evaluators by comparing direct prompt-based, prompt-derived feature, and representation-based methods. Our results show that representation-based approaches consistently outperform prompt-based judging in predicting…