Use Of Convolutional Neural Networks In Detection Of Branch Dieback Disease In Pequi Trees

Ronilson Rodrigues Pinho, Elua Ramos Coutinho, Nilza de Lima Pereira Sales, Sildenir Aalves Ribeiro, Sergio Manuel Serra da Cruz

This study evaluates and compares five convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, AlexNet, Inception, LeNet, VGG16, and MobileNet, for diagnosing branch dieback (seca-dos-ponteiros) in pequi trees (Caryocar brasiliense). This phytopathology represents a severe threat to tree development and fruit yield, causing substantial economic and ecological losses across the Brazilian Cerrado. The methodology implements computer vision techniques using deep learning frameworks to process and evaluate a field dataset expanded to 6,272 multi-scale images, captured via UAV and handheld sensors under uncontrolled illumination. The models were trained to detect pathological visual patterns across leaves, branches, and canopies. The experimental initial results reveal that architectural complexity did not guarantee diagnostic reliability, heavily parameterized networks experienced optimization failures (VGG16 collapsed into majority-class prediction), whereas compact architectures achieved greater stability. MobileNet delivered the most competitive overall performance, obtaining the highest Precision (0.71) and ROC-AUC (0.63), closely followed by LeNet (AUC = 0.62). These findings indicate…