SkillMarker: A KGW-Based Watermarking Method for Agent Skill Ownership Verification

Alan Tang, Lifeng Wang, Gang Wu, Tao Zhang, Yantao Jia +1

Agent skills encode operational procedures and domain expertise as reusable knowledge assets, yet their distribution in plaintext exposes them to unauthorized copying and leakage. However, practical mechanisms for skill ownership verification and leakage tracing remain underdeveloped. Watermark embedding before distribution offers a potential solution, but structured, compact skill instructions impose stringent requirements for factual and procedural accuracy. To address these challenges, we introduce SkillMarker, a KGW-based watermarking method that jointly targets functionality preservation and strong watermark embedding. SkillMarker unifies quality-constrained rewriting with signal-oriented candidate search. The former separates essential knowledge from flexible expression to preserve instruction fidelity; the latter explores alternative expressions to obtain a stronger watermark signal under preservation constraints. We release an open-source toolkit that integrates watermark embedding, quality auditing, and detection to support the protection of agent skills. SkillMarker targets ownership verification and leakage tracing in distributed skill ecosystems, where content may be…