Ergodic topology sampling toward the continuum with Stochastic Normalizing Flows

Claudio Bonanno, Andrea Bulgarelli, Elia Cellini, Alessandro Nada, Dario Panfalone +2

In this work we provide numerical evidence that topological freezing in $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ Yang-Mills theory can be mitigated with a flow-based approach, as tested at lattice spacings as fine as 0.03~fm. We do so by analyzing the scaling of the costs of a computational strategy based on the combination of open boundary conditions and Stochastic Normalizing Flows. We show that the integrated autocorrelation time of the squared topological charge and the statistical uncertainty on the topological susceptibility remain under control throughout the explored parameter range with currently available computational resources. This marks an important step toward the use of even more efficient flow-based architectures for ergodic sampling of topology in state-of-the-art lattice gauge theory calculations.