PCDFusion: Proposal-Context-Detail Bayesian Rendering for Infrared-Visible Image Fusion

Rui Liu, Lin Gu, Hesong Li, Ying Fu

Infrared-visible image fusion (IVIF) aims to combine visible and thermal infrared observations for human perception and downstream vision tasks. Visible and thermal infrared observations are physically complementary but unreliable in different ways. Existing deep IVIF methods mainly improve feature interaction and reconstruction, but often lack an explicit local rule for deciding when visible appearance should dominate and when thermal responses should contribute. To address this issue, we reformulate IVIF as local Bayesian posterior rendering, where fusion is controlled by posterior action weights rather than direct modality mixing. In this paper, we propose Proposal-Context-Detail Fusion (PCDFusion), a visible-anchored framework that implements this formulation through three rendering stages. PCDFusion preserves potentially useful thermal responses, updates exposure-degraded visible regions, and renders reliable band-limited infrared structures into the final luminance. Extensive experiments on public IVIF benchmarks show that PCDFusion improves fusion quality, target recovery, and downstream detection and segmentation performance under challenging illumination. The code is…