OrTeN: Neural Inverse Graphics for Joint Terrain and Line-scan Camera Trajectory Reconstruction

Josef Biberstein, Sertac Karaman

Digital terrain maps (DTMs) are used for landing site selection, terrain-relative navigation, and geological analysis in planetary exploration. Existing state-of-practice reconstruction techniques for creating DTMs from satellite imagery use multi-view stereo, requiring complex pipelines for dealing with camera error, changing illumination, and images with limited disparity. This work introduces Orbital Terrain Networks (OrTeN), a DTM construction method that uses neural inverse rendering to jointly optimize a textured height map and orbital camera corrections from line-scan satellite images. OrTeN operates directly on calibrated line-scan images with pixel values expressed as radiance factor (I/F) and corrects both broad trajectory pose inconsistencies and high-frequency pointing jitter jointly with surface reconstruction during training. Surface-projected patch normalized cross-correlation (NCC) enforces consistency between observations of the same terrain, refining an initial rough reconstruction. A semi-empirical reflectance model and shadow rendering are used to fit surface appearance from multi-date imagery with differing solar illumination. OrTeN requires only calibrated…