A Thousand Faces: A Persuasion Benchmark with Experience-Grounded Persuadees Informed by Psychology and Pragmatics

Ziqing Zhuang, Dingyi Zhang, Deyu Zhou

People can express the same beliefs and desires yet need different reasons to change their minds. What makes an argument relevant depends on how those views arose: experiences shape what a person finds credible, what matters to them, and what could prompt reconsideration. These personal grounds may also be expressed indirectly, through contextual clues in conversation. Benchmarks that specify beliefs and desires without these connections can reward arguments that match a description while overlooking whether they address the person's reasons. We introduce A Thousand Faces (ATF-Persu), with 1,000 personas across 200 topics and nine domains. Drawing on personality and attitude theories and conversational implicature, we construct five personas per factual context, linking experiences to judgments, expression, and grounds for revision. Evaluations show lower persuasion success than three comparison benchmarks under their respective protocols. Complete backgrounds yield broader use of supplied personal grounds and higher persona faithfulness than simplified specifications; blinded reviewers also rate ATF-Persu above CToMPersu on identifiable personal reasons, their influence on…