Neighborhood-Aware Unlearning for Generative Recommendation

Pierre Lubitzsch, Yubao Tang, Maarten de Rijke, Sebastian Schelter

Generative recommendation predicts items by autoregressively generating semantic identifiers (SIDs), whose tokens are shared across semantically related items. With this paradigm gaining adoption, the question of how to support unlearning in it has become pressing. If training interactions must later be removed, such as injected spam or interactions with items a user no longer wants, this sharing lets an unlearning update unintentionally affect the predictions for the interactions' neighbors. We show that this effect is locally structured and hidden by global metrics: unlearning can leave recommendation utility on the whole test set nearly unchanged while substantially degrading it on neighborhoods of the forgotten interactions' SIDs. We propose Neighborhood-Aware Unlearning (NAU), which augments interaction-level unlearning with explicit control over the probability mass assigned to the forgotten items' neighborhoods. Across three datasets and four SID tokenizers, NAU restores spam-induced exposure toward the retrained reference while retaining more than 95% of retrained utility, and recovers the neighborhood utility that forget-and-repair unlearning loses at no global cost. We…