Automated Multi-Agent Organization Design: From Architecture Search to Organizational Learning

Shao-Jun Xia, Yuner Zhang, Huixin Zhang, Di Wang, Yifan Jiang +1

Agentic system design is increasingly shifting from hand-crafted prompts and workflows toward automated search over agentic programs and interaction structures, with multi-agent systems receiving growing attention. Yet a central question remains unresolved: when does an automatically generated multi-agent structure exhibit a functionally meaningful division of responsibility? We argue that automated multi-agent design should move beyond searching for effective architectures toward identifying which responsibilities are functionally necessary, how they should be allocated, and when they should change. To explore this, we propose Automated Multi-Agent Organization Design (AMOD), which treats organization itself as a first-class design object, explicitly modeling how agent teams are composed, what functional responsibilities the agents assume, how they coordinate, and how collective decisions are made. We formulate AMOD as an execution-driven design loop. For each task, an automated designer instantiates an organization by assigning functional responsibilities and coordination rules to a set of agents. After execution, task outcomes, intermediate artifacts, and interaction traces…