Beyond Accuracy: Disentangling Decomposition from Typed-State Quality Assurance in Multi-Agent LLM Pipelines

Maria Gabriela Alves Zuppardo, Vinicius Cardoso Garcia

Multi-agent LLM pipelines are often credited with gains in software engineering tasks, but it is rarely clear whether a gain stems from the typed contract between agents or from the specialized prompts that decomposition enables. We study this attribution problem in Requirements Engineering, comparing three architectures for classifying requirements as functional or non-functional and then prioritizing them with MoSCoW: a single-call baseline; a two-call variant that reuses the pipeline's specialized prompts but passes an unvalidated intermediate; and a pipeline with a Pydantic-validated typed state. The 18 conditions cover PROMISE NFR+ (625 requirements), three locally hosted small language models, and two languages. The F1 gain over the baseline is associated with the two-call, specialized-prompt variant (up to +0.075), whereas the typed state adds a small difference (-0.003 to +0.013) that is significant in one of six comparisons. Beyond accuracy, the typed pipeline contains out-of-range model outputs at the agent boundary, while the unvalidated variant fails later and drops the requirement, and it shows a small, reproducible increase in inter-model MoSCoW consistency whose…