Permission to Retry: A Study of Authorization and Recovery in AI Agent Workflows

Deekshith Marla, Kushagra Bhatnagar

A durable agent can resume a consequential action while its authority changes and the action's external outcome remains uncertain. We study execution-time reliability of tool-using AI agents, isolating recovery decisions from language-model behavior. Checkpoint state, permission to dispatch, evidence of an external effect and permission to reconcile are distinct obligations. We present a finite conformance study that checks these obligations through histories scored against a provider effect ledger hidden from the recovering application. A prospectively frozen campaign executes 336 histories on native LangGraph and Temporal hosts, crossing 14 schedules, three provider contracts and four matched application policies. All 168 paired host cells have identical checked outcomes. Per host, retained-ledger reconciliation passes all 42 histories: 21 checked completions, 15 denials and six unknown outcomes with reservations retained. Cached retry, revalidation before retry and stable-key retry pass 30, 36 and 31 histories respectively. A separate 16-case component study of InfinityOS, an enterprise AI platform developed by Arya.ai, exercises exported authority, worker, recovery and…