Collective Emergent Alignment: Measuring and Amplifying Interaction-Induced Reasoning Alignment in Multi-Agent LLMs

Boxuan Wang, Zhuoyun Li, Sarvapali D. Ramchurn, Xiaowei Huang, Yi Dong

Multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems can exhibit emergent behaviors through interaction, yet whether a similar phenomenon exists for reasoning alignment remains largely unexplored. We study whether agent interaction produces additional reference-grounded reasoning alignment beyond matched individual self-refinement, and introduce REMAP (Reference-Entailment-Matrix for Agentic Process), a framework that quantifies this effect through Semantic Coverage and interaction-specific alignment gains. Across diverse model families and two multi-hop reasoning benchmarks, we observe broadly positive interaction gains, particularly on reasoning content that depends on integrating evidence distributed across agents. These gains are consistently associated with independently measured peer-information recovery, while further analysis reveals composition-dependent heterogeneity effects and asymmetric information transfer across agent capability levels. Motivated by these findings, we further introduce a fact-level multi-agent communication framework that replaces full reasoning-trace exchange with compact, gap-aware, and selectively routed information. Our experiments show that compact…