A Fine-Grained Empirical Study of Upstream Security Events and Downstream Mitigation in Maven

Kazi Amit Hasan, Enrong Pan, Yuan Tian, Mariam Guizani, Steven H. H. Ding

Open-source vulnerability mitigation spans upstream libraries and the downstream projects that depend on them. Upstream, a vulnerability progresses through a public report when one exists, a fix, a fixed release, and NVD disclosure. Downstream, a project mitigates it by adopting the fixed release, and the timeliness of this adoption is measured relative to these events. Prior work studies the two sides separately, so it is unclear whether downstream exposure stems from delayed upstream release, delayed downstream adoption, or both. We address this gap by following 832 CVEs in the Maven ecosystem from the upstream fix to its adoption by each exposed downstream project. We classify upstream fixes as \textit{silent} or \textit{transparent}, recover the order of report, fix, release, and NVD disclosure, and link vulnerable artifacts to their downstream dependents. We then compare this order with downstream adoption and dependabot usage. We find that delay arises on both sides. Upstream, the fixed release comes before NVD disclosure for about 82\% of CVEs, for both silent and transparent fixes. For the other 17.9\%, downstream projects have no fix to adopt for days to more than four…