uTHCD-C: A Corruption-Robustness Benchmark for Tamil Handwritten Character Recognition

Preethi S, Meeradevi T, Arun Prakash A

Evaluation of Tamil handwritten character recognition (HCR) has largely focused on clean test images, and a standardized multi-corruption robustness benchmark for isolated Tamil HCR has not been established. We introduce uTHCD-C, a corruption-robustness benchmark based on the unconstrained Tamil Handwritten Character Database (uTHCD). The benchmark defines ten corruption types, including a handwriting-specific stroke-thinning corruption, at five severity levels. We evaluate nine convolutional and transformer-based architectures using five-fold stratified cross-validation and writer-independent testing. Robustness is quantified using mean Corruption Error (mCE), normalized against a VGG16-BN reference. We additionally compare parameter count, computational complexity, and inference throughput to characterize the computational requirements of the evaluated architectures. The results establish comparative robustness baselines for Tamil HCR, revealing substantial differences across architectures: ConvNeXt and Swin achieve the lowest mCE values (0.75 and 0.83, respectively), whereas ShuffleNet and MnasNet exhibit higher values (1.55 and 1.85, respectively). The accompanying efficiency…