Robust LLM-Generated Text Detection through Matched Conditional-Response Probing

Junfeng Hao, Wenxian Wang, Tao Leng, Xingshu Chen, Hao Ren +1

Reliable detection of large language model (LLM)-generated text must remain effective under meaning-preserving text revisions, such as rewriting, polishing, and expansion. In practice, LLM outputs are often rewritten, polished, expanded, translated, or lightly edited before publication, weakening the lexical, syntactic, and local discourse cues used by many existing detectors. We introduce \textbf{M}atched \textbf{C}onditional-\textbf{R}esponse \textbf{P}robing (\textbf{MCRP}), a frozen-LLM probing framework that measures how a candidate text responds when a semantically matched condition is introduced, removed, or replaced. For each candidate, the frozen probe LLM first generates a short semantic condition and then compares token-level losses and prompt--target attention measurements under matched, null, and control conditions. It aggregates bidirectional conditioned alignment, counterfactual sensitivity, and internal attention coupling into a probe representation, on which it trains a lightweight supervised random-forest classifier while keeping the probe LLM frozen. Across standard detection, robustness to meaning-preserving text revisions, multilingual, and multidomain…