DEPLOY-RL: Active Boundary Discovery and Conservative Certification for Deployable Reinforcement Learning in Safety-Critical Continuous Processes

Yeojin Jang, Minu Baek, Gihun Gil, Minsung Jung, Beomdo Park +6

Reinforcement learning (RL) policies often outperform classical controllers in simulation, yet rarely reach production in safety-critical processes. The barrier is that there is no principled way to answer "Is this policy safe to deploy?" with statistical guarantees. We introduce DEPLOY-RL, a post-training certification framework built on one key insight: deployment certification requires discovering where failures occur (boundary discovery), not measuring how much everywhere (uniform reconstruction). Our contributions: (1) a contract-coupled acquisition function that concentrates sampling on certification-critical boundaries, achieving approximately 2x sample efficiency with a semi-empirical ambiguity reduction bound (domain-calibrated convergence guarantee); (2) conformal risk control providing finite-sample false-go guarantees (<= alpha) under explicit deployment contracts; (3) a three-way decision framework (Deploy/No-Deploy/Abstain) with fail-safe PID/MPC fallback. In simulations on papermaking (industrial digital twin) and Tennessee Eastman (public benchmark), DEPLOY-RL achieves 4.4% false-go rate (vs. 8.6% for the best baseline) while retaining 88.6% policy coverage, the…