VLM-as-a-Judge for Person Re-Identification

Bessie Dominguez-Dager, Miguel Cazorla, Vincent Lepetit

Cloth-changing person re-identification (CC-ReID) is still very challenging, and no method clearly dominates: methods that lead on one benchmark collapse on the others, because they rest on different identity cues. We show that a general-purpose vision-language model (VLM), used zero-shot as a judge for reranking a short candidate list, beats the expert retrieval models it reranks by a wide and consistent margin. On the four scenarios of CHIRLA, a long-term CC-ReID benchmark that no publicly released Re-ID model is trained on, reranking the candidates of two frozen experts raises rank-1 on every scenario, by 12.9 points on average over the best expert and 9.4 over the best naive ensemble of the two, with no component fine-tuned on the target data. Merging both experts' shortlists matches or beats reranking the stronger expert's shortlist alone, at lower cost. Introducing a VLM does, however, come at a cost: almost all of the pipeline's FLOPs are spent on it. We therefore borrow a criterion from ensembling and invoke the VLM judge only where the two experts disagree at rank 1. This threshold-free gate removes 40% of the calls, and a comparable share of total compute, with no…