Harder Than the Task: From Technical to Organizational Difficulty in AI Benchmarking

Victor Barres, Aden Barton, Nicolai J. Foss, Henrik M. Nielsen

AI benchmarks have made remarkable progress in measuring the ability of AI systems to perform increasingly demanding cognitive and technical tasks. Yet, many of these benchmarks treat technical tasks as the unit of analysis, while much economically valuable work takes place within organizations, where tasks are embedded in a system of relations. Within organizations, successful task performance depends not only on solving the technical demands of the task but also on navigating the interdependence of activities, distributed knowledge, differentiated authority, temporal constraints, conflicting interests, and changing environmental conditions while the task is underway. Accordingly, we argue that organizational task difficulty constitutes a distinct and insufficiently recognized dimension of AI capability, and that existing approaches to benchmarking provide an incomplete basis for assessing how effectively AI agents can perform real-world organizational work. By drawing on organization theory, we develop a taxonomy of the structure of work that characterizes the conditions that agents face in organizational work. Applying this taxonomy to analyze existing benchmarks, we find…