DiabAgent: Toward Agentic Physiological Control

Chengxi Li, Shaoxuan Li, Deyao Hong, Qingle Liu, Yi Huang +11

As pretraining scales, medical language models have advanced rapidly in clinical question answering. Their ability to achieve effective physiological control through sustained intervention still lacks systematic quantitative evaluation. Type 1 diabetes provides a concrete setting: impaired insulin secretion creates dependence on exogenous insulin, with dosing continually adjusted using information about meals, exercise, illness, and glucose measurements. We introduce DiabAgent, a research suite for agentic physiological control comprising the Agentic Physiological Control (APC) framework, the DiabetSim simulator, and the SweetBench benchmark. APC controls glucose through medical-device tools, using ongoing observations to infer individual states, accumulate personal experience, and choose treatment actions. We build DiabetSim to simulate different patients, events, and device conditions for scalable virtual testing and training. Using DiabetSim, we construct SweetBench by instantiating 32 scenario designs as 212 glucose-control tasks. With Claude Opus 5.5 and a fixed decision interval of one hour, APC achieves a COGI of 73.5, compared with 71.2 for the open-source closed-loop…