ProGeo-RC: Prototype-guided Semantic Reliability and Geometric Error Calibration for Semi-supervised Cardiac Image Segmentation

Yunfei Zhu, Wenfeng Zhang, Pan Zeng, Xin Huang, Tao Jia +3

Semi-supervised medical image segmentation aims to train reliable segmentation models using limited labeled data and abundant unlabeled data. However, existing methods typically rely on prediction confidence or model consistency to estimate pseudo-label reliability, but these criteria are insufficient to characterize both semantic reliability and geometric plausibility. To address this issue, we propose ProGeo-RC, a prototype-guided semantic reliability and geometric error calibration framework for semi-supervised medical image segmentation. ProGeo-RC consists of two key modules: Prototype-guided Semantic Reliability Estimation (PSRE) and Structured Semantic-Geometric Error Calibration (S-SGEC). PSRE uses probabilistic class prototypes to estimate the semantic reliability of unlabeled predictions and calibrate pixel-wise teacher pseudo labels, while S-SGEC introduces signed-distance-field-based geometric constraints to refine ambiguous boundaries and suppress spurious foreground responses outside target structures. Experiments on the ACDC and MVAA-CT datasets show that ProGeo-RC achieves better performance compared with representative semi-supervised segmentation methods. Under…