Attributing Agent Failures to Their History Needs an Executed Counterfactual: Toward a Reporting Standard

Egor Pakhomov, Erik Nijkamp

Published explanations of why long-horizon agents fail are commonly taxonomies labeled over completed trajectories: a judge reads a transcript and names the failure. We argue that a claim attributing an agent's behavior to its history should carry intervention-verified evidence, per instance or via a validated estimator: freeze an executable mid-trajectory state, alter only the history the agent sees, and continue - executed rather than inferred from the transcript, at a state whose restoration has been measured, with a replay certificate matched to the estimand. Each of the four manipulation classes we name has a precedent, and several methods already execute interventions from checkpoints, re-executed prefixes or recorded conversation states (for example DoVer, REFLECT, Min et al., Who&When Pro, Causal Agent Replay), but none reports a measured replay certificate. Two cautionary measurements, neither applying the standard, follow: a carrier taxonomy whose "concentration" could not be separated from benchmark construction (adjusted odds ratio 1.15, interval crossing 1), and hash-identical snapshots that, restored into identically seeded processes, agreed with one another in 24…