GeoDIVE: Geospatial Descent Informed by Value Estimation

Hamza Iqbal, Dan Cher, Eric Xing, Pranavi Kolouju, Abby Stylianou +2

Finding specific objects, structures, and spatial patterns supports critical work in agriculture, infrastructure planning, environmental monitoring, and disaster response. These features, however, are often dispersed across very large regions and span dramatically different spatial scales, which defines a search space that is costly to embed, maintain, and search naively. We introduce GeoDIVE, a model that treats a multiresolution satellite image gallery as a forest and uses best-first traversal to determine which tiles to encode. At each visited node, a lightweight model then predicts an optimistic estimate of the best query similarity hidden among its descendants using the query and subtree representations. In evaluations with image and open-vocabulary text queries, GeoDIVE matches exhaustive search at 10% of the encoding cost for image queries and leads all tested baselines at every budget in both modalities. To support future evaluation of multiscale geospatial search, we also release object-level image and text queries for Git-10M, constructed from Microsoft building footprints and OpenStreetMap polygons with VLM-generated captions. Source code and models will be made…