When Does a Cross-Device Run Justify PASS? Obligation-Level Evidence Qualification under Partial Observability

Zimu Liu, Xiaoxi Guo, Xiaolu Tang, Liang Yu

A cross-device test can complete every command yet judge a business claim from evidence belonging to another device or attempt. We introduce an executable evidence contract that makes support qualification an explicit stage before predicate evaluation. It binds each obligation to admissible subjects, episodes, objects and observation scopes, and records unresolved support rather than treating an apparently successful observation as proof. We evaluate two implemented parts of the contract. A prospectively specified, 12-seed controlled study isolates association under reused identifiers across 2,304 claims. Given identical records and business policy, Atomic-Facts Flat produces 160 false PASS and 76.30% PASS recall; supplying computed associations reduces false PASS to five and increases PASS recall to 99.09%. Deterministic Closure produces zero false PASS and 100.00% PASS recall, improving on Atomic Flat in 11 seeds with one tie (two-sided sign p=0.00098). Most of the benefit comes from explicit association rather than graph notation. A separate prospective field characterization spans four workflows, 40 physical episodes and 80 claims. Against frozen reference labels, the…