Simple Meta-Learning for HPO and CASH Using Performance Representations

Emiel Witting, Cheng Yan, Tom Julian Viering

Bayesian optimization for Hyperparameter Optimization (HPO) and Combined Algorithm Selection and Hyperparameter Optimization (CASH) often relies on explicit hyperparameter encodings as surrogate inputs. In high-dimensional search spaces, however, such representations can make it difficult for standard surrogates to learn useful performance models. We instead study an alternative meta-learning representation that describes each configuration directly as its historical performance across prior tasks. This representation can be paired directly with standard surrogate models. Our scope is the iterative selection component of AutoML, deciding which configuration to evaluate next from a fixed candidate set, rather than a complete framework with features such as runtime estimation, cost-aware budgeting and ensembling. We further apply this representation to maximal marginal relevance (MMR), a diversity-based re-ranking criterion from recommender systems, as a posterior-free acquisition rule. When selecting and optimising across multiple models on the TabArena benchmark, the performance-based representation paired with a linear Bayesian ridge regression model outperforms dedicated…