The Relational Capacity Framework: A Lens for AI-Mediated Relationality

Emily Tseng, Patrick Gage Kelley, Renee Shelby, Ashley M. Walker

A growing literature examines the impact of engaging with AI chatbots on our relationality: our ability to form relationships with others, maintain them through life's changes, and exit when needed. Currently, substantial work focuses on purpose-built AI companions (e.g. Replika, Character.AI), with less work investigating socioemotional uses of the more widely-used general-purpose chatbots. In this paper, we present a 100-person investigation into how people engage general-purpose AI for socioemotional needs. Participants' AI uses varied, from practicing specific social skills to seeking additional bandwidth and information as they navigated their social contexts. To explain this heterogeneity, we provide 8 states that describe how AI expands or contracts relationality for people with different levels of skills, bandwidth, and information. We then present a unified conceptual model for the role of technology in mediating human relationality, the Relational Capacity Framework, and outline future research designing appropriate roles for AI in human connection.