Beyond Frame-Level Accuracy: Analyzing Video-Level Stability in Transformer-Based Deepfake Forensics

Syed Azmul Hasan, Mowmita Pervin Hera, Afroza Lona Mim, M M Jihad Hossain, Hazrat Ali +1

Deepfake videos generated by advanced generative models pose serious threats to digital security, misinformation control, and media forensics. Although numerous detection methods have been proposed, their reported performances are often based on heterogeneous preprocessing pipelines, inconsistent data splits, and model-specific training protocols, hindering fair architectural comparison. This work presents a controlled and reproducible comparative study of convolutional neural networks (ResNet-18 and EfficientNet-B0) and a transformer-based architecture (ViT-B/16) within a unified, face-centric deepfake detection framework. All models are trained using identical preprocessing, augmentation, optimization settings, and data splits on Celeb-DF v2 and FaceForensics++, and results are validated across three independent random seeds with bootstrapped confidence intervals. Experimental results show that while CNN-based models perform competitively at the frame level, their performance degrades after video-level aggregation. In contrast, ViT-B/16 demonstrates more stable video-level performance, achieving 92.8\% [95\% CI: 91.7--94.0] video-level accuracy and an AUC of 0.950 [95\% CI:…