TripletAD: Weakly Supervised Anomaly Detection in Embedding Space with Rare Anomalies and Scarce Labels

Sumit Wadhwa, Souvik Nath

Many practical anomaly detection problems come with only a handful of confirmed anomalies, and the unreviewed remainder of the data cannot be trusted to be normal. We study this setting under a curated-label protocol, in which unconfirmed anomalies are removed from training rather than relabelled as normal, and propose TripletAD, a weakly supervised detector that learns a triplet-margin embedding and calibrates a linear scoring head with two soft penalties: a partial cross-entropy on labelled anomalies and a relative-contrast hinge that separates the mean scores of anomalous and normal samples. Because every mined triplet contains a labelled anomaly, the few labels are reused across the entire training set instead of being diluted by it. On 24 ADBench datasets whose inputs are pre-trained embeddings (text, image and speech vectors), TripletAD outperforms established state-of-the-art weakly supervised detectors (DevNet, PReNet and DeepSAD) and gradient-boosted trees when anomalies are rare. At a 1% anomaly rate it has the highest mean AUCPR of six methods, 20% above DevNet; on the naturally rare Speech dataset it doubles the best baseline (0.394 vs. 0.196 AUCPR); and on MVTec-AD…