Writer-independent handedness identification from offline Bangla handwriting under controlled acquisition

Tanzim Hasan Prappo, Sayeed Hassan, Sayem Ali, Sukhendra Nath Dhar, M. Shahidur Rahman

Handedness is a soft-biometric cue for forensic document examination and writer profiling, yet reported accuracies from offline handwriting rarely keep writers, texts and image acquisition apart, so models may recognise the writer or capture conditions rather than the writing hand. Such controlled evidence is missing for Bangla. Using our BanglaHand dataset of 42 writers (21 left- and 21 right-handed), who each wrote six shared prompts and two own texts under controlled collection and photography, we evaluate handedness identification with all images of each test writer held out, whole-writer permutation tests and photometric controls. An ink-gradient descriptor identified the handedness of unseen writers with 77.4% balanced accuracy (95% writer-bootstrap interval 67.7-86.5%; p=0.001) and frozen ImageNet embeddings with 69.5-72.0%. Part of this signal is stroke darkness: in a post hoc analysis, right-handed writers' strokes were darker at their centres for equal stroke width, consistent with higher pen pressure and not explained by lighting drift. With ink density and brightness regressed out, the descriptor still reached 64.5% (p=0.027), whereas writing-only shape features were…