Lightfoot: Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Exact, Model-Free Document Deletion

Uday Allu

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (GraphRAG) improves multi-hop question answering, but deployed systems face two costs that research comparisons rarely measure: building the graph, and removing documents from it. We present Lightfoot, a GraphRAG system in which every entity, link, fact and synonym edge is a deterministic function of per-passage extractions carrying chunk-level provenance. Indexing makes one language-model call per passage, retrieval makes none, and deleting a document is a database operation with no model calls. On the full 11,402-passage MuSiQue corpus we verify that, after deleting 10% of the documents, the graph is identical to a fresh index of the surviving documents. We compare Lightfoot with HippoRAG 2, LightRAG and fast-graphrag under identical extraction, answer and embedding models on MuSiQue, 2WikiMultiHopQA and HotpotQA. Lightfoot builds the cheapest index on all three datasets, 26-31% below HippoRAG 2 and 3-6x below LightRAG and fast-graphrag. Against HippoRAG 2 it is significantly better on MuSiQue retrieval (+2.8 points recall@5 and +4.3 recall@10 on a held-out split) and on HotpotQA answers (+7.7 points exact match), and significantly…