PRISM: Preference-based Reward and Uncertainty-Integrated Synthesis Minimization for RTL PPA Optimization

Armin Abdollahi, Negin Ashrafi, Mehdi Kamal, Massoud Pedram

This paper introduces a budget-aware, multi-objective framework (called PRISM) for RTL optimization that improves power, performance, and area (PPA) while sharply limiting expensive commercial synthesis tool calls. Starting from a synthesizable baseline and functional testbench, the method iterates through LLM-driven rewrite generation, fast compile/simulation equivalence filtering, low-cost proxy feature extraction, and selective commercial synthesis tool (Synopsys Design Compiler (DC)) evaluation. To prioritize which candidates deserve high-quality synthesis, we train a preference-based reward model using pairwise ranking supervision derived from commercial synthesis tool outcomes, and combine ensemble uncertainty with a diversity-aware acquisition rule to avoid early bias and redundant evaluations. A key advantage is that PRISM maintains a best-tradeoff set G of non-dominated designs throughout the run: G preserves the best solutions found so far, is fed back into generation and refinement, and enables consistent, cumulative improvements rather than repeatedly restarting from the baseline. Across RTLLM v2.0 modules, the approach consistently yields post-synthesis gains under…