Single-Radar Bilateral 3D Near-Field Imaging for Mobile Robots

Yingqi Wang, Tingwei Chen, Zhongqin Wang, Min Xu

Mobile robots operating in homes need reliable 3D perception of nearby furniture and surrounding structures, yet recovering this information on both sides of the robot's path with a single forward-mounted millimeter-wave radar remains challenging because of near-field wavefront curvature, viewpoint-dependent target visibility, and limited elevation diversity. This paper presents a motion-assisted framework for reconstructing structures on both sides of a robot's trajectory. Our near-field model relates scene reflectivity to stepped-frequency multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) observations across frequencies and robot positions using spherical paths from transmitter (Tx) to scatterer to receiver (Rx). Bilateral Tx combining provides wideband directional weighting, while sliding-aperture back-projection coherently focuses the measurements using near-field propagation distances. Top-K power fusion combines local images with different visibility. The reconstruction provides lateral-forward support for multi-layer height extraction, followed by guarded adaptive height refinement using the original MIMO channels. Experiments in controlled, office/study, and corridor environments…