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All fields3145Multimodal529Agents503Frontier LLMs453Inference & serving254Image segmentation180Graph learning1583D scene157Learning verifiable rewards151Voice AI89Classifier & causal discovery81Forecasting time79Flow matching69Teacher policy distillation50Adversarial training47Stochastic gradient descent47All 31 fields

Open problems across fields

  • General in-context learning for embodied agents1 paper raises it · 0 address it

    Improving adaptability of models to new tasks and environments without task-specific fine-tuning is critical for scalable embodied intelligence.

    • Has GPT-6-Astra Achieved Embodied Intelligence?raises
  • Cost and latency in agentic systems2 papers raise it · 1 addresses it

    High computational and time costs limit practical deployment of agentic systems for real-world tasks.

    • Has GPT-6-Astra Achieved Embodied Intelligence?raises
    • PremiseCheck: Efficient Fact-Checking of Human and AI Peer Reviewsraises · addresses
  • Physical-state verification and failure recovery1 paper raises it · 0 address it

    Robustness to irreversible failures and accurate state tracking are essential for reliable embodied control.

    • Has GPT-6-Astra Achieved Embodied Intelligence?raises
  • Evidence-grounded multimodal reasoning benchmarks1 paper raises it · 1 addresses it

    Current benchmarks often fail to ensure models use necessary audio-visual evidence, weakening evaluation reliability.

    • EvaOmni: An Evidence-Grounded Benchmark for Audio-Visual Reasoningraises · addresses
  • Length generalization in sequential state tracking1 paper raises it · 1 addresses it

    Models struggle to maintain performance on problems much longer than their training data, limiting scalability.

    • PAR: Progress-Aligned Recurrence for Length Generalization in State Trackingraises · addresses

Named by an AI from these papers' abstracts.

Papers

  • arXiv cs.AITraining & fine-tuningOct 15

    Learning from Unverified Peers via Shared Residual Distillation

    Feiyang Chen, Runze Ma, Zichen Wang, Jiong Lou, Zihan Wang +2

    A language model can generate several solutions to the same problem, some leading to correct answers and others to incorrect ones. Many post-training methods turn these trajectories into learning signals using supervision from reference answers, verifiable feedback, or external teachers. Without such supervision, learning from the model's own generations becomes less straightforward, as their correctness cannot be reliably assessed. An incorrect solution may nevertheless contain useful intermediate reasoning, so its value as supervision need not be determined solely by its final answer. Can a model improve by learning from its unverified peer solutions without first determining which are correct? We propose Shared Residual Distillation (SRD), an on-policy self-distillation method that learns from the model's own unverified peer trajectories. SRD compares how peers change the prediction distribution relative to a control, retaining adjustments that agree in direction and are conservative in magnitude. This yields supervision without treating any complete solution as correct, and the trained model requires no peers at inference time. Starting from the corresponding base models, SRD…

    AI70PDF
  • arXiv cs.LGOct 15

    Can AI Forecast the Extremes? Evaluating Probabilistic Weather Models on Tropical Cyclones

    Nathan Chalumeau, Xavier Renard, Remi Meynadier, Hugo Rakotoarimanga, Marcin Detyniecki +1

    Weather prediction is undergoing an important shift, with data-driven AI models outperforming leading numerical weather prediction systems on average at a fraction of the computational cost. Yet, whether this success extends to extreme events remains contested. Earlier evaluations have exposed important shortcomings, but have largely focused on deterministic models and metrics, leaving the capabilities of the latest probabilistic models less understood. We conduct an extensive benchmark of tropical cyclone forecasting, comparing GenCast, FourCastNet 3, and FGN with ECMWF's operational physics-based ensemble, IFS-ENS. We develop a suite of probabilistic metrics and diagnostic analyses to assess cyclone tracking, intensity biases, uncertainty, and the wind-pressure relationship that characterizes storm structure. We find that, despite remaining limitations in intensity and ensemble spread, leading AI models substantially outperform IFS-ENS in cyclone tracking: FGN achieves better probabilistic location scores for 90% of evaluated storms in 2025. Further analyses reveal model-specific failure modes and suggest a lingering influence of pretraining data, pointing to opportunities for…

    AI10PDF
  • arXiv cs.CVMultimodalOct 15

    Retrofitting Recurrent Vision-Language Models from Pretrained Backbones

    Madhav Iyengar, Andreas Geiger, Hilde Kühne

    Recent work shows that depth recurrence can be retrofitted into pretrained language models. In this work, we adapt this paradigm for visual understanding, using depth recurrence to reduce the parameter footprint of a pretrained vision-language model (VLM). To this end, we prune layers from the language backbone of the VLM and loop over a subset of the remaining layers. At each step of the loop, a linear adapter merges the block's output with the token representations from the preceding layers and projects the fused representation back into the block. As the pruning impacts the original model performance, we propose a three-stage recovery training: first, we leverage a language-only pretraining to recover the performance of the language backbone, followed by an alignment of the vision-language projector, and a full fine-tuning of the model via visual instruction tuning. In the first and the last stage, we distill the outputs of the pretrained non-recurrent model into the recurrent model, which further improves the recovery. We evaluate the proposed approach on the TinyLLaVA-1.4B backbone without introducing any new vision-language data during retrofitting. Our experiments…

    AITraining & fine-tuning80PDF
  • arXiv cs.CLProgramming languagesOct 15

    The Right Byte First: How UTF-16 Helps Multilingual Boundary Prediction

    Hyunsik Kim

    Many hierarchical byte-level language models group bytes into patches using a learned boundary predictor whose view of the next codepoint depends on encoding and lookahead. In UTF-8, codepoints of many scripts take three bytes: 8 of 24 bits mark length and continuation, and the first byte carries only 4 high codepoint bits. After the same left context, a mark extending a grapheme cluster and a letter starting the next can thus share their first byte. Universal Byte-Level Encoding (UBE) keeps one- and two-byte UTF-8 encodings but writes these codepoints as two UTF-16 bytes, low byte first, so its first symbol carries 8 low codepoint bits that can distinguish such continuations. We train small causal predictors on matched FineWeb-2 text and evaluate on FLORES-200 under UTF-8, UBE, and UBE's same-length big-endian variant. At one-symbol lookahead, balanced grapheme-boundary error at codepoint boundaries across 17 languages in 13 Brahmic scripts is 8.76% with UTF-8, 8.62% with the big-endian variant, and 0.06% with UBE. When the target instead retains a parent tokenizer's subword cuts at grapheme boundaries, UBE lowers the mean error relative to UTF-8 at the same lookahead by 72.91%…

    AI50PDF
  • arXiv cs.CVMultimodalOct 15▲ 8

    Memory as Weights: Internalizing Long-Term History for Streaming Videos

    Zhuoming Liu, Jinhong Lin, Lin Zhang, Yiwu Zhong, Yin Li

    Streaming vision-language models (VLMs) must continuously integrate information from the past while remaining responsive to current observations and user queries. Existing memory mechanisms typically compress, retrieve, or cache historical observations and reintroduce them into the input context, forcing historical memory and current observations to compete for limited context. We propose MaLoW, a streaming memory framework that instead internalizes historical context into evolving lightweight parameter updates. MaLoW uses a recurrent HyperNetwork to incrementally consolidate incoming video observations into fixed-size LoRA weights, allowing historical information to be carried forward without revisiting the full video stream. In doing so, MaLoW represents history as weights, while keeping the current observation as input. To support training, we further construct MaLoW-Instruct, a large-scale streaming video dataset containing 381K question-answer pairs over 56K videos. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate that MaLoW achieves strong performance on OVO-Bench, StreamingBench, and StreamArena. On the backward split of OVO-Bench, MaLoW outperforms prior memory approaches…

    AIInference & serving80Code
  • arXiv cs.AIAI safetyOct 15

    When Reasoning Is Not Enough: Proactive Inquiry for Cross-Modal Safety in Multimodal Large Language Models

    Wei Cai, Jian Zhao, Yuchen Yuan, Xuelong Li

    Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can act unsafely when individually benign images and texts are interpreted jointly. Beyond implicit reasoning risk, where reasoning drifts toward harm, we identify intent-level risk, where cross-modal ambiguity silently commits the model to a hazardous premise that path-level optimization alone cannot correct. We propose SAFE-PRO, which uses a Risk-Conditioned Uncertainty (RCU) signal, combining predictive entropy with a learned cross-modal risk score, to decide when to ask safety-grounded clarifying questions and where to apply path optimization, under a reward that prioritizes safety and penalizes over-refusal. We also build SSUI-Dialog, a multimodal multi-turn dataset with dual-intent supervision, and theoretically analyze gradient variance and unsafe-completion risk under RCU. Across seven benchmarks and two base MLLMs, SAFE-PRO consistently improves safety over SRPO, roughly halves its over-refusal, and surpasses GPT-4o and Claude-3.5-Sonnet in average single-turn safety.

    AIMultimodal90PDF
  • arXiv cs.CLEvalsOct 15

    Beyond Context Length: Characterising the Difficulty of Long-Context Reasoning

    Shiwen Qin, Cameron Barker, Henry Gouk, Elliot J. Crowley, Shay B. Cohen +2

    Long-context language models support ever longer context windows, and evaluations typically treat context length as the main indicator of difficulty. However, context length alone cannot explain why models fail on long-context tasks that require reasoning over complex information. Contexts of equal length can pose very different challenges: a task may be solvable from a single local passage, or it may require integrating evidence distributed across the full context. We quantitatively characterise this difficulty through three properties: evidence scope, how much necessary information must be found; evidence dispersion, how widely that information is scattered within the context; and reasoning depth, how many dependent steps are needed to derive an answer from it. We construct LURCH, a multi-domain question-answering benchmark of 6,550 instances with supporting evidence and reasoning graphs, enabling all three properties to be quantified. Evaluations of proprietary and open-weight models show that: (1) at fixed context length, all our three properties are strongly negatively correlated with model performance; (2) as context length increases, performance degrades sharply on samples…

    AIRAG80PDF
  • arXiv cs.AIAgentsOct 15

    Prism-1: Position- and Rival-Independent Scoring for System One Models

    Yao Long Teng, Jianguo Huang, Jiayi Cai, Yanchen Deng, Bo An

    Given a state and a set of options, such as intents, tools or interface elements, System One decision models return a distribution over the options in one forward pass, without generated reasoning. Web systems increasingly build them by reading decisions from language models. Two axioms of rational choice are natural requirements for such decisions, because in web systems the listing and the option set are determined by other components and can change or be manipulated: the order in which the options are listed should not matter, and adding an option should not change the relative odds of the others (Luce's choice axiom). We test the standard reads, namely single-choice question (SCQ) prompting, with shuffled-order training, order averaging or sorted options, and invariant set architectures, and find that each violates at least one axiom: one shuffle changes 12-20% of SCQ answers, sorting only freezes an arbitrary convention, and a well-chosen added option steers 4-34% of decisions. By Luce's theorem, a read satisfies both axioms only if it is a softmax over scores that each depend on one option alone, so in a transformer they hold by construction only if no token that scores an…

    AIEvals70PDF
  • arXiv cs.LGInference & servingOct 15

    ABNAT: Attention-Based Noise-Aware Training for Robust Transformers on Analog Compute-in-Memory Systems

    Wenshuai Yao, Wenyong Zhou, Hanyong Shao, Zhiyuan Ning, Yizhe Chen +3

    Transformer-based models have become the backbone of a wide range of tasks, but their intensive computation and data movement incur substantial energy overhead. Analog compute-in-memory (CIM) offers an energy-efficient alternative, yet its inherent hardware non-idealities perturb stored weights and can significantly degrade model performance. Although existing noise-aware training (NAT) methods improve robustness by injecting noise during training, they largely overlook the critical role of attention mechanisms in Transformer inference.To bridge this gap, we analyze how CIM-induced noise reshapes attention in Transformers and identify two key observations: (1) the divergence between clean and noisy attention maps increases substantially in deeper layers, and (2) conventional NAT can remain overconfident even when its attention routes deviate markedly from the clean reference. Motivated by these findings, we propose ABNAT, an attention-based noise-aware training framework that teaches the noisy student to preserve the clean teacher's headwise attention routes rather than merely reproduce answers, without hardware changes or inference overhead; selective variants further reduce…

    AITraining & fine-tuning70
  • arXiv cs.LGOct 15▲ 20

    Lean4AgenticRL: Advancing Agentic RL with Verifiable Multi-level Process Rewards

    Ruida Wang, Gerald Friedland, Tong Zhang, Chris Kong

    Enhancing the agentic capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle complex software engineering (SWE) and general terminal-usage problems is a pressing challenge. Current state-of-the-art LLMs often go through large-scale agentic Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, they mostly rely on high-level outcome rewards, with minimal consideration of low-level toolcall and mid-level workflow-stage rewards, which makes the training less effective. To overcome this limitation, we propose **Lean4AgenticRL**, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first framework that grounds multi-level process rewards in the unified Lean4 formalization schema for open-ended agentic RL. **Lean4AgenticRL** first builds a *problem-specific workflow* system that balances the agent's own capability and controllability during execution, laying the foundation for further verification. Subsequently, our workflow formalization and multi-level reward annotation methods enable agent behavior verification within a general harness system. It provides multi-level rewards to support more effective agentic RL with the workflow-stage-normalized GRPO algorithm. Using **Lean4AgenticRL**, we train…

    Code
  • arXiv q-bio.QMOct 15

    Documenting Trofinetide Treatment Phenotypes in Rett Syndrome with a Dual-LLM Consensus Pipeline

    Daniel Palacios, Guantong Qi, Mikael Guzman Karlsson, Shawntel K. David, Mohammed Sameeruddin +4

    Objective: Trofinetide, approved in 2023 as the first Rett syndrome treatment, lacks scalable real-world monitoring because chart review is labor-intensive. We developed a dual large language model (LLM) consensus pipeline to extract 18 treatment-response phenotypes, comprising 4 adverse effects, 13 Rett clinical features, and medication refusal, from clinical notes. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 26,763 notes from 108 patients with confirmed sustained trofinetide exposure at Texas Children's Hospital. The pipeline filters notes by keyword, classifies each through two LLMs requiring consensus, and aggregates a patient-by-timepoint matrix. Architecture and prompt were selected on a diarrhea development set, then frozen and applied to the other 17 phenotypes with the phenotype definition substituted, as an out-of-sample test. The reported prompt comparison scores 183 expert-labeled cells. Results: A prompt requiring diarrhea to be active and severe performed best (84.2 $\pm$ 0.0% accuracy; F1 = 0.674), 47 percentage points above regular-expression matching ($p < 0.0001$). Expert reviewers judged six of the pipeline's calls per phenotype, three positive and three negative, and…

    AI10PDF
  • arXiv cs.AIAgentsOct 15

    FAOPs: Normal Forms and an Algebra for AI Agent Workflows

    Ali Mohammadi Shanghooshabad

    Organizations increasingly encode operational procedures as multi-step agent skills, here called Agent Operating Procedures (AOPs), that must be traceable, auditable, reproducible, access-controlled, and bounded in time and cost, requirements that regulated sectors make mandatory. Yet AOPs are typically kept as coarse-grained files, in which steps bundle actions, copied procedures drift apart, any step may reach any tool, and refactoring goes unchecked. We present Functional Agent Operating Procedures (FAOP), a formal theory that brings database-grade discipline to AI agent workflows. FAOP recasts each workflow as a typed function over scoped state and subjects an entire library to four progressive normal forms: Decomposed (FNF-1) splits a workflow into atomic steps, Typed (FNF-2) makes its data flow explicit and type-checked, Factored (FNF-3) gives each shared procedure a single canonical definition so a change propagates instead of drifting, and Scoped (FNF-4) confines every step to least-privilege tool access. Once normalized, every atomic step is a separate entity with a declared contract and can be type-checked, scope-confined, bounded, tested, traced, and audited on its…

    AI80PDF
  • arXiv cs.CVImage & video generationOct 15

    FeaTok: Feature-Loss Tokenization for Image Generation

    Zhang Xiaofeng, Samuel Lavoie, Nicolas Beltran-Velez, Jianhao Yuan, Felix Friedrich +4

    Discrete image generators learn the distribution of tokens produced by an image tokenizer. These token representations should be easy for generators to model, not merely enable faithful image reconstruction. Yet these tokenizers are commonly trained to reconstruct pixels, which prioritizes low-level fidelity and may disrupt representation structure useful for generation. Motivated by feature-predictive self-supervised learning, we introduce feature-loss tokenization (FeaTok), which trains discrete tokens by reconstructing pretrained features rather than pixels. Ablations across SigLIP, SigLIP2, DINOv2, and DINOv3 show better generative performance with FeaTok. In class-conditional generation, FeaTok advances the quality-compute Pareto frontier, reducing gFDr6 at 256x256 by up to 29 percent over the strongest discrete baselines and outperforming the strongest unguided continuous baseline (RAEv2) with 38 times less sampling compute. FeaTok also achieves higher human-preference reward-model scores than prior art without reward-based training and surpasses continuous and discrete text-conditional baselines on three benchmarks with only 500 fine-tuning updates after pre-training.

    AI90PDF
  • arXiv cs.AIRoboticsOct 15

    Progress Reward Model for Reinforcement Learning via Large Language Models

    Xiuhui Zhang, Ning Gao, Xingyu Jiang, Yihui Chen, Yuheng Pan +2

    Traditional reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms face significant limitations in handling long-term tasks with sparse rewards. Recent advancements have leveraged large language models (LLMs) to enhance RL by utilizing their world knowledge for task planning and reward generation. However, planning-based approaches often depend on pre-defined skill libraries and fail to optimize low-level control policies, while reward-based methods require extensive human feedback or exhaustive searching due to the complexity of tasks. In this paper, we propose the Progress Reward Model for RL (PRM4RL), a novel framework that integrates task planning and dense reward to enhance RL. For high-level planning, a complex task is decomposed into a series of simple manageable subtasks, with a subtask-oriented, fine-grained progress function designed to monitor task execution progress. For low-level reward generation, inspired by potential-based reward shaping, we use the progress function to construct a Progress Reward Model (PRM), providing theoretically grounded optimality and convergence guarantees, thereby enabling effective policy optimization. Experimental results on robotics control tasks…

    AIAgents70PDF
  • arXiv cs.CLAI safetyOct 15

    Name-Bias in Large Language Models

    Kalyan Bhetwal, Ceren Mert, Ian Whitehouse

    Names carry demographic indicators such as age, gender, and race, which makes them a subtle but strong target of bias in large language models (LLMs). In this work, we present an evaluation of name-based bias across 6 local large language models spanning multiple providers and parameter scales. Using a fill-in-the-blank task, we prompt these models to choose between pairs of first names drawn from U.S. Social Security Administration datasets and a race classification dataset by Rosenman et al.. Our experimental de- sign isolates age and gender effects through balanced name pairings and sentence templates that share a fixed syntactic structure. Across 300,000 local LLM responses, we find consistent and measurable name bias. Models prefer names that are less stereotypically male, older, popular, and white. Furthermore, we find that name-bias is highly sentence-dependent, but not more than associated stereotypes, and gender is the most significant bias, followed by age, name popularity, and race. Our results demonstrate that name-based bias remains pervasive even in local LLMs, highlighting the necessity for standardized evaluation methods and mitigation strategies.

    AIEvals70PDF
  • arXiv stat.MLOct 15

    Rethinking Successive Rejects Algorithms

    Mohamed Khair, Junpei Komiyama

    In the best-arm identification problem, an algorithm adaptively selects arms to find the arm of the largest mean reward. Successive Rejects (SR) is a simple fixed-budget best-arm identification algorithm that eliminates one candidate arm at each phase. At first glance, SR seems to have limited adaptivity, since it follows predetermined phase lengths. However, for Gaussian arms with common variance, SR's worst-instance error exponent normalized by the popular complexity measure $H_1(P)$ is optimal up to a constant factor, which partly explains why SR's performance is competitive compared with state-of-the-art adaptive sampling algorithms. In this paper, we extend the framework of SR by optimizing its predefined schedule of phase lengths. We formulate phase-schedule design as an optimization problem for the normalized error exponent. Then, we introduce a version of SR with the optimized schedule, which we call $H_1$-balanced Successive Rejects ($H_1$-SR). This schedule is optimal within the class of SR-type algorithms with deterministic equal-count schedules. For Gaussian arms with common variance, $H_1$-SR achieves at least $11/12$ of the optimal normalized rate over all adaptive…

    AI20PDF
  • arXiv astro-ph.IMOct 15

    Missed Detections and False Alarms in a CNN Technosignature Detector on Breakthrough Listen Data

    Omer Imran

    Radio technosignature searches rely on machine learning detectors to shrink the candidate pool before a human looks at it. They are validated on held-out data from the training distribution, which excludes the cases where they are most likely to fail: a technosignature has unknown morphology, and terrestrial interference is unbounded in variety. I trained a standard competition detector once, froze it, and probed it with 15,000 injections across ten morphologies and five amplitudes, placed into real Green Bank backgrounds. Two directions were tested: genuine signals with morphologies other than a straight narrowband line, and interference resembling the training data. Recall did not follow the predicted ordering, and it fell as signals brightened, even for a needle of the kind the detector was trained on (from 0.590 to 0.090). One interference morphology reached a false positive rate of 0.627, comparable to the detector's own baseline recall of 0.5525 on genuine signals. Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) showed attention along the injected path in one missed family by a pre-specified test, and visually in a second. A pre-specified, time-averaged ON-OFF filter…

    AI20PDF
  • arXiv cs.LGMultimodalOct 15

    Decoding Naturalistic Speech from fMRI with Temporal Modeling and Multimodal Alignment

    Corentin Caris, Louis Jalouzot, Nona Rajabi, Géraud Ilinca, Ahmed Hassayoune +7

    Reconstructing what a person perceives from their brain activity is a stringent test of whether neural recordings carry meaningful information. Naturalistic speech offers a rich testbed for this challenge: it unfolds over multiple timescales, but fMRI's noisy, temporally smeared measurements make this structure hard to recover. We introduce NOEMA, a temporal convolutional decoder that aligns windows of consecutive fMRI measurements with multimodal stimulus embeddings. These embeddings combine complementary text, audio, and speech representations of the same stimulus segment, enabling its retrieval directly from brain activity. On two naturalistic speech datasets, Cephalonauts One and LeBel, NOEMA retrieves the correct segment among 2,000 candidates within the top 10 for more than 42% of held-out queries. This substantially outperforms baseline decoders, an advantage that persists when the candidate pool is extended with thousands of distractors absent from training. Controlled ablations establish the contributions of temporal modeling and complementary stimulus representations.

    AIVoice AI70PDF
  • arXiv cs.LGEvalsOct 15

    Effectiveness of Hidden-State Probes for Localizing Reasoning Failures

    Shubham Subhnil, Yannis Belkhiter, Erik Miehling, Adam Dahlgren Lindström, Elizabeth M. Daly

    Verifying the final answer of a long reasoning trace may show that the trace is wrong but it does not distinguish three cases. The problem may lie beyond the model's capability, another attempt would succeed, or one step in an otherwise recoverable trace made the trace fail. Standard hidden-state probes are trained on final-answer correctness, a label that conflates these cases. Monte Carlo rollouts distinguish the cases and locate the failing step at additional inference cost. We test the hidden states of 4B and 8B reasoning models for the failure type and the failing step and compare each probe with the strongest baseline that uses no hidden states. On incorrect 8B traces, the confidence probe, a calibrated correctness probe at a midpoint cutoff, misses 81% of cases in which a single step makes the trace unrecoverable and 47% of cases in which another attempt would succeed. A probe with a different training design over the same states reverses the ordering of these two kinds of failure, so either ordering can be read from those states. At both scales, no single tested probe locates the failing step more accurately than a rule based only on trace length, and at 4B a probe…

    AIAgents70PDF
  • arXiv cs.AIOct 15

    Learnable Splines for Unstructured Neural Operators

    Vignesh Gopakumar, Zhuoyuan Wang, Ander Gray, Valentin Duruisseaux, Josh Williams +10

    Neural operators approximate solution operators of partial differential equations at a fraction of the cost of numerical solvers. Efficient grid-based architectures such as the Fourier neural operator (FNO) assume uniform rectangular grids, whereas engineering simulations use large, irregular, and locally refined meshes. We introduce L-SplineFNO, a memory-efficient neural operator that couples an FNO backbone with a sparse, learnable tensor-product B-spline transfer between unstructured meshes and a latent Cartesian grid. A local normalised scatter avoids the geometry-dependent solve of analytic spline transformation while preserving compact support, partition of unity, and spline smoothness by construction. The neural operator, conditioned on global design and operating parameters, learns the mapping of geometry to the field solution. Across six three-dimensional engineering benchmarks, L-SplineFNO achieves strong predictive accuracy while requiring substantially less memory and compute than baseline operators, scaling to 26.6 million nodes in training and 46 million in inference on a single A100 GPU. It also supports zero-shot super-resolution and efficient closed-form spatial…

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Rising research topics

  • Federated learning47+17.5%
  • Adversarial training470.0%
  • Forecasting time79−4.8%
  • Frontier LLMs453−5.8%
  • Agents503−7.7%
  • Quantum machine learning22−12.0%
  • 3D scene157−14.2%
  • Inference & serving254−14.5%